The Whiteshell area in south eastern Manitoba is often classed as part of the Boreal forest region, but there are also many similarities to the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence forest region, and a number of plants representative of Aspen Parkland/Prairie are also common.
This list does not represent all of the plants found in the Mantario region. It is an ongoing list of various plants that I have seen and identified in the region. There are a number of species that I have not had time (or ability) to identify, there may be a few errors in this list. If you come across a species not listed here please let me know and if I can confirm it (in some way) I would be happy to add it to the list with appropriate credit. Botanical names are generally from Budd's Flora of the Canadian Prairie Provinces, Mosses Lichens and Ferns of Northwest North America, Illustrated Guide to Some Hornworts, Liverworts and Mosses of Eastern Canada, how to know the lichens, Lichens of North America, Edible and poisonous mushrooms of Canada, Mushrooms of Ontario and Eastern Canada and The Flora of Canada.
Trees
Abies balsamea (Balsam fir)
Acer negundo (Manitoba maple)
Betula Papyrifera (Paper birch)
Fraxinus nigra (Black ash)
Fraxinus pennsylvanica (Green/red ash)
Larix larcina (Tamarack)
Picea glauca (White spruce)
Picea mariana (Black spruce)
Pinus banksiana (Jack pine)
Populus balsamifera (Balsam poplar)
Populus grandidentata (Large-Toothed Aspen)
Populus tremuloides (Trembling aspen)
Quercus macrocarpa (Bur oak)
Sorbus decora (Mountain ash)
Thuja occidentalis (Eastern ceder)
Ulmus americana (White/American elm)
Shrubs and other woody plants
Acer spicatum (Mountain maple)
Alnus crispa (Green alder)
Alnus rugosa (River alder)
Amelanchier alnifolia (Saskatoon)
Andromeda glaucophylla (Bog rosemary)
Andromeda polifolia (Bog rosemary)
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (Bearberry)
Betula glandulifera (Swamp birch)
Celastrus scandens (Bittersweet)
Chamaedaphne calyculata (Leatherleaf)
Cornus rugosa (Spotted dogwood)
Cornus stolonifera (Red-osier dogwood)
Cornus alternifolia (Alternate-leaved dogwood)
Corylus americana (Hazel)
Corylus cornuta (Beaked hazelnut)
Crataegus rotundifolia (Hawthorn)
Crataegus succulenta (Hawthorn)
Diervilla lonicera (Bush honeysuckle)
Empetrum nigrum (Crow berry)
Gaultheria hispidula (Snowberry)
Juniperus communis (Common juniper)
Juniperus horizontalis (creeping juniper)
Kalmia polifolia (Bog laurel)
Ledum groenlandicum (Labrador tea)
Lonicera dioica (Twining honeysuckle)
Lonicera villosa (fly honey suckle)
Myrica gale (Sweet gale)
Oxycoccus microcarpus (Small bog cranberry)
Prunus americana (Wild plum)
Prunus nigra (Canada plum)
Prunus pensylvanica (Pin cherry)
Prunus pumila (Sand cherry)
Prunus virginiana (choke cherry)
Rhamnus alnifolius (Alder-leaved buckthorn)
Rhus glabra (Smooth sumac)
Rhus radicans (Poison ivy)
Ribes americanum (Black currant)
Ribes glandulosum (Skunk current)
Ribes hirtellum (Gooseberry)
Ribes oxycanthoides (Gooseberry)
Ribes triste (Red currant)
Rosa acicularis (Prickly rose)
Rosa woodsii (Common rose)
Rubus idaeus (Raspberry)
Salix sp
Salix bebbiana (Beaked willow)
Salix discolor (Pussy willow)
Salix interior (Sandbar willow)
Salix maccalliana (Velvet-fruited willow)
Salix pedicellaris (Bog willow)
Salix petiolaris (Basket willow)
Salix planifolia (Flat-leaved willow)
Salix pyrifolia (Balsam willow)
Shepherdia canadensis (Soapberry)
Spiraea alba (Narrow leafed meadow sweet)
Symphorocarpus albus (Snow berry)
Symphorocarpus occidentalis (Western snow berry)
Vaccinium angustifolium (Sweet blueberry)
Vaccinium myrtilloides (Common blueberry)
Vaccinium vitis-idaea (Lowbush cranberry)
Viburnum lentago (Nannyberry)
Viburnum rafinesquianum (Downy arrow-wood)
Viburnum edule (Mooseberry)
Viburnum trilobum (Highbush cranberry)
Herbaceous Plants (Generally broad leaf)
Achillea millefolium (Yarrow)
Actea rubra (Bane berry)
Adiantum pedatum (Maidenhair fern)
Agastache foeniculum (Giant hyssop)
Agrimonia striata (Agrimony)
Alisma plantago-aquatica (Water plantain)
Allium cernuum (Wild onion)
Allium stellatum (Wild onion)
Allium schoenoprasum (Wild chives)
Anemone canadensis (Canada anemone)
Anemone cylindrica (Long fruited anemone)
Anemone multifida (Cut leaved anemone)
Anemone quinquefollia (Wood anemone)
Antennaria microphylla (Small leaved pussytoes)
Apocynum androsaemifolium (Spreading dogbane)
Aquilegia canadensis (Columbine)
Aralia hispida (Bristly sarsaparilla)
Aralia nudicaulis (Sarsaparilla)
Aralia racemosa (Spikenard)
Arenaria lateriflora (Sandwort)
Arceuthobium americanum (American mistletoe)
Arceuthobium pusillum (Dwarf mistletoe)
Arnic lonchophylla (Spear-Leaved Arnica)
Asarum canadense (Wild ginger)
Aster ciliolatus (Fringed aster)
Aster lateriflorus (Aster)
Aster simplex (Panicled aster)
Aster umbellatus (Flat topped aster)
Astragalus canadensis (Milk vetch)
Athyrium filix-femina (Lady fern)
Bidens beckii (Water-Marigold)
Bidens cernua (Beggars ticks)
Bidens frondosa (Beggars ticks)
Botrychium virginianum (Virginia grape fern)
Calla palustris (Water arum)
Caltha palustris (Marsh marigold)
Calypso bulbosa (Venus slipper)
Campanula aparinoides (Marsh Bellflower)
Campanula rotundifolia (Harebell)
Capsella bursa-pastoris (Shepherd's-purse)
Cerastium arvense (Field chickweed)
Cerastium nutans (Long-stalked chickweed)
Ceratophyllum demersum (Hornwort)
Chenopodium album (Lamb's-quarters)
Chenopodium hybridum (Mapleleaved goosefoot)
Chimaphila umbellata (Princies's pine)
Cicuta bulbifera (Water Hemlock)
Cicuta maculata (Water hemlock)
Circaea alpina (small enchanter's nightshade)
Cirsium arvense (Canada thistle)
Cirsium muticum (Swamp thistle)
Clintonia borealis (Blue bead lily)
Convolvulus sepium (Hedge bindweed)
Comandra umbellata (Bastard toadflax)
Coptis trifolia (Gold thread)
Corallorhiza maculata (Spooted coralroot)
Corallorhiza striata (Stripped coralroot)
Cornus canadensis (bunch berry)
Corydalis sempervirens (Pink corydalis)
Crepis runcinata (Scapose hawk's beard)
Crepis tectorum (Narrow-leaved hawk's beard)
Cuscuta gronouii (Dodder)
Cypripedium acaule
Cypripedium calceolus (Yellow Lady's-slipper)
Dianthus barbatus (Pink)
Disporum trachycarpum (Fairy bells)
Drosera rotundifolia (Sundew)
Dryopteris disjuncta (Oakfern)
Elodea canadensis (waterweed)
Epilobium angustifolium (Fireweed)
Erigeron asper (Fleabane)
Erigeron canadensis (Fleabane)
Erigeron philadelphicus (Fleabane)
Erigeron strigosus (Fleabane)
Eupatorium purpureum var. maculatum (Joe-pye weed)
Eupatorium perfoliatum (Boneset)
Fragaria virginiana (strawberry)
Galeopsis tetrahit (hemp nettle)
Galium boreale (Northern bedstraw)
Galium septentrionale (Bedstraw)
Galium trifidum (Small bedstraw)
Galium triflorum (Seet-scented bedstraw)
Gaultheria procumbens (Checker berry)
Gentiana amarella (Felwort)
Gentiana crinita (Fringed gentian)
Geranium bicknellii (Bicknell's Geranium)
Goodyera repens (Rattlesnake plaintain)
Habenaria hookeri (Bog orchid)
Habenaria hyperborea (green-flowerd bog orchid)
Heracleum lanatum (Cow parsnip)
Heuchera richardsonii (Alum root)
Hieracium umbellatum (Canada Hawkweed)
Impatiens capensis (Spotted touchme-not)
Lactuca biennis (Wild lettuce)
Lactuca tatarica (Blue lettuce)
Lathyrus ochroleucus (Creamy peavine)
Lathyrus japonicus (Beach pea)
Lathyrus venosus (Purple peavine)
Lemna minor (Duckweed)
Lemna trisulca (Ivy-leaved duckweed)
Lepidium densiflorum (Common pepper-grass)
Lilium philadelphicum (Wester wood lily)
Linnea borealis (Twinflower)
Lithospermum canescens ( Hoary puccoon)
Lycopus americanus (American horhound)
Lycopus uniflorus (Norhtern water-horehound)
Lycopus asper (Western horehound)
Lysimachia ciliata (Fringed loosestrife)
Lysimachia thyrsiflora (Tufted loosestrife)
Maianthemum canadense (Lily of the valley)
Matricaria matricarioides (Pineapple weed)
Melampyrum lineare (Cow wheat)
Melilotus alba (White sweet clover)
Melilotus officinalis (Sweet clover)
Mentha arvensis (Mint)
Menyanthes trifoliata (Buckbean)
Mertensia paniculata (Tall lungwort)
Matteuccia struthiopteris (ostrich fern)
Mitella nuda (Naked mitrewort)
Mimulus ringens (Blue Monkeyflower)
Moneses unifolora (one-flowered wintergreen)
Monotropa uniflora (Indian pipe)
Myriophyllum spicatum (Water milfoil)
Nuphar variegatum (Yellow waterlily)
Nymphaea odorata (Fragrant waterlily)
Nymphia tetragona (White waterlily)
Oenothera biennis (Evening primrose)
Onoclea sensibilis (Sensitive fern)
Opuntia fragilis (Prickly pear)
Osmorhiza obtusa (Sweet cicely)
Osmunda claytoniana (Interrupted fern)
Oxalis stricta (Yellow wood-sorrel
Parthenocissus inserta (Large-toothed virginia creeeper)
Parnassia palustris (Northern Grass-of-Parnassus)
Petasites palmatus (Colts foot)
Petasites sagittatus (Colts foot)
Physostegia virginiana var formosior (False Dragonhead)
Plantago major (Plantain)
Polygonatum canaliculatum (Solomon's seal)
Polygonum amphibium (Water smartweed)
Polygonum cilinode (Buckwheat)
Polygonum scandens (False buckwheat)
Polypodium vulgare (Common rock tripe)
Potamogeton gramineus (Pondweed)
Potamogeton natans (Pondweed)
Potamogeton pusillus (Slender pondweed)
Potentilla anserina (Silverweed)
Potentilla arguta (white cinquefoil)
Potentilla gracilis (Graceful cinquefoil)
Potentilla norvegica (Shrubby cinquefoil)
Potentilla palustris (Marsh cinqufoil)
Potentilla tridentata (Three toothed cinquefoil)
Pteridium aquilinum (Bracken)
Pyrola asarifolia (Pink pyrola)
Pyrola elliptica (Shinleaf)
Pyrola rotundifolia (common wintergreen)
Pyrola secunda (One sided wintergreen)
Ranunculus abortivus (Kidneyleaf-Buttercup)
Ranunculus aquatilis (Large-Leaved Watercrowfoot)
Ranunculus flammula var. ovalis (Creeping Spearwort)
Ranunculus macounii (Butter cup)
Ranunculus pensylvanicus (Bristly buttercup)
Rubus acaulis (raspberry)
Rubus idaeus (american red reaspberry)
Rubus pubescens (Dew berry)
Rumex crispa (Dock)
Rumex occidentalis (Dock)
Sagittaria cuneata (Arrow head)
Sanicula marilandica (Snake root)
Sarracenia purpurea (Pitcher-plant)
Scutellaria galericulata (Marsh skullcap)
Senecio congestus (Marsh ragwort)
Senecio eremophilus (Cut leaved ragwort)
Senecio vulgaris (Common groundsel)
Silene sp.
Sium suave (Water parsnip)
Smilacina trifolia (Three leaved false solomon's seal)
Smilax herbacea (Carrion flower)
Solidago canadensis (Canada goldenrod)
Solidago spathulata (Spike-Like goldenrod)
Solidago graminifolia (Flat-topped goldenrod)
Sonchus arvensis (Sow thistle)
Sparganium angustifolium (Narrowleaf bur-reed)
Sparganium eurycarpum (Giant bur-reed)
Sparganium fluctuans (floating bur-reed)
Spirodela polyrhiza (Duck weed)
Stachys palustris (Marsh hedge nettle)
Stellaria longifolia (Long leaf chickweed)
Stellaria media (Chickweed)
Streptopus roseus (Rose mandarin)
Tragopogon dubius (Yellow goat's beard)
Taraxacum officinale (Dandylion)
Thalictrum dasycarpum (Tall meadow rue)
Thalictrum venulosum (Meadow rue)
Trientalis borealis (Northern starflower)
Trifolium repens (White clover)
Trillium cernuum (Nodding wakerobin)
Urtica dioica (Stinging nettle)
Utricularia intermedia (Bladderwort)
Utricularia vulgaris (Common bladderwort)
Vicia americana (Wild vetch)
Viola adunca (Early blue violet)
Viola canadensis (Canada violet)
Viola pensylvanica (Yellow violet)
Viola pubescens (Yellow violet)
Viola rugulosa (Violet)
Woodsia ilvensis (Rusty woodsia)
Zizia aptera (Alexanders)
Zizia aurea (Alexanders)
Grass Like Plants
Acorus calamus (Sweet flag)
Agropyron dasystachyum (Northern wheat grass)
Agropyron repens (Couch grass)
Agropyron smithii (Western Wheatgrass)
Agropyron trachycaulum (Wheat grass)
Agrostis scabra (Rough hair grass)
Andropogon gerardi (Big blue stem)
Bromus ciliatus (Fringed brome)
Bromus inermis (Brome grass)
Calamagrostis canadensis (Marsh reed grass)
Calamagrostis inexpansa (Northern reedgrass)
Carex (various species)
Carex aquatilis (Water Sedge)
Carex atherodes (Awned Sedge)
Carex bebbii
Carex canescens (Short sedge)
Carex capillaris (Hair-like sedge)
Carex crawfordii
Carex deweyana (Dewey's sedge)
Carex gracillima (Slender sedge)
Carex gynocrates (Northern bog sedge)
Carex intumescens (Swollen sedge)
Carex lacustris (Lake shore sedge)
Carex lanuginosa (Woolly sedge)
Carex muricata (Inland sedge)
Carex pedunculata (Stalked sedge)
Carex pensylvanica
Carex projecta
Carex intumescens (Sedge)
Carex retrorsa (Sedge)
Carex scoparia (Broom sedge)
Carex stipata (Awl-fruited sedge)
Carex supina (Weak sedge)
Carex tenuiflora (Thin-flowered sedge)
Carex xerantica (White-scaled sedge)
Cinna latifolia (Slender wood grass)
Danthonia intermedia (Timber oat grass)
Danthonia spicata (Poverty oat grass)
Deschampsia caespitosa (Tufted hair grass)
Eleocharis palustris (Spike rush)
Eleocharis calva (Bald spike-rush)
Elymus canadensis (Canada wild rye)
Eriophorum angustifolium(Tall cotton grass)
Eriophorum chamissonis (Russet cotton grass)
Glycera borealis (Northern manna grass)
Glycera grandis (Tall manna grass)
Glycera striata (Fowl manna grass)
Iris versicolor (Iris)
Hierochloe odorata (Sweet grass)
Hordeum jubatum (Foxtail)
Juncus balticus (Wire rush)
Juncus brevicaudatus (Short-tail rush)
Juncus bufonius (Toad rush)
Juncus dudleyi (Dudley's rush)
Juncus longistylis (Long-styled Rush)
Juncus tenuis (Slender rush)
Muhlenbergia mexicana (Wood muhly)
Oryzopsis asperifolia (White-grained mountain rice)
Panicum capillare (Witch grass)
panicum linearifolium (slimleaf panicgrass)
Panicum virgatum (Switchgrass)
Phalaris arundinacea (Reed canary grass)
Phleum pratense (Timothy)
Phragmites australis (Giant reed grass)
Poa nemoralis (Wood blue grass)
Poa palustris (Fowl bluegrass)
Poa pratensis (Kentucky blue grass)
Scolochloa festucacea (Spangletop or White top)
Schizachne purpurascens (Purple oat grass)
Scirpus atrovirens
Scirpus acutus (Schoenophlectus acutus)
Scirpus cyperinus (Wool grass)
Scirpus microcarpus (Bulrush)
Scirpus pumilus (Bulrush) (Trichophorum pumilum)
Scirpus validus (Great bulrush)
(Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani)
Sisyrinchium montanum (blue eyed grass)
Sphenopholis intermedia (Slender wedge grass)
Sporobolus heterolepis (Prairie dropseed)
Typha latifolia (Cattail)
Zizania aquatica (Wild rice)
Other Plants & Liverworts
Barbilophozia barbata
Equisetum arvense (Horse tail)
Equisetum fluviatile (Swamp horsetail)
Equisetum hyemale (Common horsetail)
Equisetum palustre (Marsh horsetail)
Equisetum pratense (Meadow horsetail)
Equisetum scripoides (Scouring rush)
Equisetum sylvaticum (Wood horsetail)
Lycopodium annotinum (Club moss)
Lycopodium clavatum (Club moss)
Lycopodium complanatum (Ground ceder)
Lycopodium obscurum (Ground pine)
Marchantia polymorpha (Liverwort)
Ptilidium pulcherrimum
Selaginella rupestris (Spike moss)
Mosses (very incomplete)
With special thanks to Mary Sims (2005 summer participant at Mantario)
for collecting and identifying a number of additional mosses.
Anomodon (sp)
Aulacommium palustre
Brachythecium reflexum
Bryoria fuscescens
Bryum (sp)
Bryum pseudotriquetrum
Callicladium haldanianum
Calliergon cordifolium
Campylium stellatum
Ceratodon purpureus
Climacium dendroides
Dicranum (Dusky fork moss)
Dicranum flagellare
Dicranum montanum
Dicranum polysetum
Dicranum scoparium
Drepanocladus vernicosus
Drepanocladus uncinatus
Hedwigia ciliata
Hypnum pallescens
Hylocomium splendens (Stair step moss)
Jamesoniella autumnalis
Leucobryum glaucum
Lophocolea heterophylla
Mnium (sp)
Physcia stellaris
Plagiomnium cuspidatum
Plagiomnium medium
Plagiothecium (sp)
Pleurozium schreberi (Red stem moss)
Polytrichum commun (Common hair cap)
Polytrichum juniperinum (Juniper moss)
Ptilium crista-castrensis (Knight's plume)
Pylaisiella polyantha
Redula complanata
Rhizomnium punctatum
Rhizomnium pseudopuncatum
Rhytidiadelphus triquetris
Rhytidium rugosum
Sphagnum (Peat moss)
Sphagnum fuscum
Sphagnum angustifolium
Sphagnum magellanicum
Sphagnum girgensohnii
Thuidium delicatulum
Tortula ruralis
Lichens (incomplete)
With thanks to Kyle Fontaine (2008 summer participant at Mantario)
for adding a few lichens and providing some advice on identifications.
Aspicilia caesiocinerea
Aspicilia cinerea
Candelaria concolor (Lemon lichen)
Cetraria islandica (Island moss)
Cladina (Reindeer lichen)
Cladina mitis
Cladina stellaris
Cladina rangiferina
Cladonia (Pixie cup lichen/Reindeer lichen)
Cladonia apodocarpa
Cladonia borealis
Cladonia botrytes
Cladonia caraccenis
Cladonia carneola
Cladonia cenotea
Cladonia cervicornis subsp verticillata
Cladonia chlorophaea
Cladonia coniocraea
Cladonia crispata
Cladonia cristatella (British soldiers)
Cladonia deformis
Cladonia gracilis
Cladonia gracilis subsp turbinata
Cladonia major
Cladonia multiformis
Cladonia parasitica
Cladonia phyllophora
Cladonia pleurota
Cladonia pyxidata
Cladonia squamosa
Cladonia rei
Cladonia sulphurina (Greater sulphur-cup)
Cladonia turgida
Cladonia uncialis
Dimelaena oreina
Evernia mesomorpha
Hypogymnia physodes (Hooded lichen)
Parmelia flaventior
Parmelia sulcata (Wax paper lichen)
Parmeliopsis ambigua
Peltigera aphthosa (Freckle lichen)
Peltigera elisabethae
Peltigera canina
Peltigera malacea (Apple pelt)
Peltigera polydactyla
Peltigera spuria
Ramalina americanum
Rhizocarpon geminatum
Rhizocarpon geographicum (Map lichen)
Rhizookaca cgrtsikeyca (golden rimmed navel lichen)
Stereocaulon paschale (Foam lichen)
Tuckermannopsis orbata (Wrinkle lichen) med=UV- KC- or would have called T. americana.
Umbilicaria (Rock tripe)
Umbilicaria americana (Rock tripe - vary large grey)
Umbilicaria mammulata (Rock tripe - very large tan/brown)
Umbilicaria muhlenbergii (Rock tripe)
Umbilicaria vellea (Rock tripe)
Usnea (Old man's beard)
Usnea fulvoreagenus
Usnea hesperina (beard lichen) - need confirm
Usnea subfloridana
Xanthoparmelia tasmanica
Xanthoparmelia plittii
Xanthoria elegans (Orange lichen)
Xanthoria fallax (Orange lichen)
Xanthoria polycarpa (Orange lichen)
Vulpicida pinastri (powdered sunshine)
Mushrooms (very incomplete).
Thanks to Donna Kurt for getting me to actually collect some more
fungi and properly key them out to at least genus.
Amanita muscaria (Fly agaric)
Armillaria mellea (Honey mushroom)
Bisporella citrina (lemon drops)
Boletus edulis (King Boletus)
Boletus merculioides
Boletus subglabripes
Cantharellus cibarius (Chanterelle)
Chlorociboria aeruginascens (Green stain fungi)
Clavaria flava
Clitocybe gibba (Funnel Clitocybe)
Collybia confluens
Cortinarius crassus
Cortinarius sp.
Cuphophyllus pratensis (alt. Hygrophorus pratensis Waxy cap)
Dacrymyces palmatus (Orange jelly)
Fomes fomentarius (Tinder polypore)
Gandoderma lucidum
Gymnopus dryophilus (Oak Collybia)
Hemitrichia serpula (yellow slime mould)
Hericium coralloides (Bear's Head Tooth)
Hydnellum pineticola
Hydnellum caeruleum
Hygrocybe ceracea (butter waxcap)
Hygrocybe sp (vitellina? crimped yellow margins)
Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca (false chanterelle)
Hygrocybe flavescens (Yellow waxy cap)
Hygrophorus olivaceoalleus
Hygrophorus psittacina (Parrot Waxy Cap)
Hygrophorus pudorinus
Hypomyces lactifluorum (Lobster mushroom)
Inonotus obliquus (Chaga)
Laccaria laccata (Common Laccaria)
Laccaria tortilis
Lactarius (sp)
Lactarius helvus
Lycoperdon periatum (Jem Studded Puffball)
Lycogala (sliver gray slim mould)
Macrolepiota procera (alt. Lepiota procera Parasol mushroom)
Morganella subincarnata (Ruddy puff ball)
Mucilago crustacea (slime mould - white fruiting)
Mycena osmundicola (little white mushrooms)
Mycena sp (little not quite white mushooms - several sp)
Piptoporus betulinus (Birch polypore)
Ramaria sp (prob abietina) (a Coral fungi)
Rozites caperata
Russula (sp)
Russula vesca
Russula integra
Russula claroflava (Graying Yellow Russula)
Sarcoscypha austriaca (Scarlet cup)
Thelephora terrestris (Earth fan)
Tremella mesenterica (Yellow jelly fungus)
Tricholoma sp (small brown)
Resources
The following books are part of my collection that
have some relevance to the plants of Mantario. The connection in some
of the books is a little tenuous, some are not plants at all but may be used
or brought for reference on the trip.
Amrose, Susan A., Michael W. Bridges, Michele DiPietro, Marsha
C. Loyett, Marie K. Norman, and Richard E. Mayer. How Learning Works:
Seven Research-Based Principles for Smart Teaching. Jossey-Bass, 2010
Arora, David. Mushrooms Demystified. Ten Speed Press. 1986.
Audobon Society. the Practical Naturalist Explore the wonders of the natural
natural world. DK publishing. 2010
Audubon Society. Familiar Mushrooms. Andrew Stewart Pub. 1990 15th printing, Knopf. 2016
Barron, George. Mushrooms of Ontario and Eastern Canada.
Lone Pine Pub. 1999.
Bezener, Andy and Ken De Smet. Manitoba Birds. Lone Pine Pub. 2000
Blouin, Glen. An Eclectic Guide to Trees East of the Rockies.
Boston Mills Press. 2001.
Brodo, I. M., S.D. Sharnoff, and S. Sharnoff. Lichens of
North America. Yale University Press. 2001.
Brown, Lauren. Grasses An Identification Guide. Houghton Mifflin
Co. 1979.
Callan, Kevin. The Happy Camper An Essential Guide to Life Outdoors.
The Boston Mills Press. 2005.
Chambers, Fiona Hamersley, Amanada Karst. Wild Berries of Alberta
Saskatchewan and Manitoba. Lone Pine Publishing. 2012.
Cobb, Boughton. A Field Guide to the Ferns. Houghton Mifflin Co.
1963.
Conard, Henry S., Paul L. Redfearn. how to know the mosses and liverworts.
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