Enclaves - characteristics
Highly concentrated form of tourism development
Entirely enclosed and self-contained (physically,
socially, economically)
Separate from existing communities
Dependent on foreign tourists
Pricing reinforces exclusivity
Lifestyle is very different from surroundings
Enclaves - causes
Likely to result because:
constraints imposed by the limitations of local
infrastructure
there is a small number of entrepreneurs
External funding
Market focuses on a particular market segment
Enclaves - development
Often characteristics of immature (pioneering)
stage of tourism development
Most common in developing nations
Temperate western regions may have climate controlled
environments e.g. domes for swimming parks, villages
Center Parcs - Sherwood Forest
Enclaves - Advantages
High investment in small projects focuses specifically
on traveler demand
Use the profile of a resort as a strong marketing
tool
Foreign ownership also represents foreign investment
Creates employment of local people
Can also limit potential environmental damage,
cultural erosion or political influence
Enclaves - Disadvantages
Economic dependence on foreign businesses
High levels of leakage
Local goods and services not readily used
Seasonality of employment
Tourists experience of the region may be inaccurate
Ecotourism Enclaves
Unless well-managed, may eventually attract too
many visitors and lead to damage
E.g. Hol Chan Marine Reserve in Belize, vistor
numbers are concentrated in time as well as space
Peak season is in the dry season when so if
vegetation cover is damaged, soils are more prone to erosion in the wet season
Divers are also leading to coral damage
Coastal resorts
Sea, beach and landscape as physical resource
Land patterns determined by growth
Growth may be spontaneous and unplanned
Generally follow a linear pattern along the
coastline
Gradients
Gradient in land values as move away from ocean
edge
Additional gradient as move from prime location
at the core toward the periphery
Various resort functions tend to group together
May lead to a recreational business district
(RBD) possibly separate from the central business district (CBD)
Tourist zones
Tourist zones may also become differentiated
Large facilities separate from small ones
Bed and breakfasts located on routes
Larger area resorts such as holiday villages
may be on the periphery because they need cheaper land
Development and Regional Differences
Changes in the way resorts develop
Newer tourism industries may see hotels as entirely
new
May include development of second homes
Resorts in the Asia-Pacific provide good examples
of development
Smith’s model of beach resort development
Stage 1: Pre-Tourism Datum
Stage 2: Second Homes
Stage 3: First Hotel
Stage 4 - Resort Established
Stage 5: Business Area Established
Stage 6: Inland Hotels
Stage 7: Transformation
Stage 8: City Resort
Stage 1: Pre-Tourism Datum
No tourism - some residential and business
Stage 2: Second Homes
New roads and second homes
Stage 3: First Hotel
First hotel (pink)
Stage 4 - Resort Established
More hotels - strip development
Stage 5: Business Area Established
More accommodation, large work force
Stage 6: Inland Hotels
Hotels develop away from the beach
Stage 7: Transformation
Urbanized resort
Stage 8: City Resort
Distinct commercial and recreational areas
Features of development
Second home development in early phases
Strip development along sea front
Displacement of residences away from sea front
Hotels develop inland
CBD becomes separate from RBD