20.267

I. [A] From the following list of POPES, choose the appropriate entry to fill in the blanks below (names are to be used once and there are five that will NOT be needed):

PIUS XII, LEO X, PIUS IX, JOHN XXIII, PIUS VIII, BENEDICT XV, PAUL VI, BENEDICT X, PAUL II, GREGORY XVI, PIUS XI, JOHN PAUL II, PIUS X, LEO XIII, JOHN PAUL I.

1. Before he was elected Pope in 1958, ............... was Patriarch of Venice.

2. Providentissimus Deus is an encyclical of Pope ................... affirming the inerrancy of scripture and Moses as the author of the Pentateuch.

3. Pope ............... brought an end to the panic measures which the Church had resorted to in face of the "modernist crisis."

4. The first of the nineteenth century pontiffs to confront and condemn emerging modern trends; Pope ............... banned railways from the Papal States.

5. In 1939, just three months after his election, Pope ............... ordered excavation of the necropolis under St. Peter's Basilica.

6. Pope .................. was Cardinal Archbishop of Cracow before his election.

7. In 1929, Pope ............... concluded a treaty with Mussolini.

8. Pope ............... was canonized a Saint of the Roman Catholic Church in 1954, the first Pontiff to be so honoured since the sixteenth century.

9. During the last three sessions of the Second Vatican Council, Pope ............... was the Roman Pontiff.

10. On June 16, 1846, Pope ............... began the longest pontificate in history.

[B] From the following list of PAPAL ENCYCLICALS, choose the appropriate entry to fill in the blanks below (titles are to be used once and there are five that will NOT be needed):

IMMORTALE DEI, PACEM IN TERRIS, DIVINO AFFLANTE SPIRITU, CASTI CONNUBII, QUADRAGESIMO ANNO, RERUM NOVARUM, REDEMPTOR HOMINIS, CENTESIMUS ANNUS, MIRARI VOS, MATER ET MAGISTRA, DIUTURNUM, SINGULARI NOS, MIT BRENNENDER SORGE, MYSTICI CORPORIS CHRISTI, HUMANAE GENERIS.

1. Issued on September 30, 1943, ......................... opened the door to the world of modern biblical scholarship for Catholic scholars.

2. .................... was issued by John Paul II to commemorate the one hundredth anniversary of Rerum Novarum.

3. Issued in June, 1834, ....................... condemned the "blindness" of the "wretched author" of Paroles d'un Croyant.

4. Pius XI's encyclical, ......................., condemned "any use whatsoever of matrimony exercised in such a way that the act is deliberately frustrated in its natural power to generate life."

5. ......................... grudgingly gave up the Roman Catholic Church's opposition to religious toleration in 1885.

6. In ......................... issued in 1950, Pope Pius XII reaffirmed the teaching of the Church about Adam and Eve and condemned polygenesis.

7. In 1881, Pope Leo XIII issued ........................., which marked an official end to the Catholic Church's opposition to democracy.

8. Pope Pius XI's firey encyclical, ......................., was the Vatican's first condemnation of Nazism.

9. In 1931, to mark the fortieth anniversary of Leo XIII's great social encyclical, Pius XI issued .........................

10. John XXIII's ........................., which implicitly condemned atomic weapons, was the first papal encyclical addressed to "all men of good will."

[C] From the following list of names, choose the appropriate entry to fill in the blanks below (names are to be used once and there are five that will NOT be needed):

BERNARD LONERGAN, JON SOBRINO, SERGIO MENDEZ ARCEO, JOHN HENRY NEWMAN, HENRI DE LUBAC, CHARLEMAGNE, ALFRED LOISY, CARDINAL LEGER, OSCAR ROMERO, XAVIER RYNNE, ALFRED CARDINAL OTTAVIANI, PEPIN, NICHOLAS COPERNICUS, GALILEO GALILEI, AUGUSTINE CARDINAL BEA.

1. On Christmas day in 800 A.D., Pope Leo III crowned ....................as Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.

2. The controversial "Red Bishop" of Cuernavaca, ...................., died in February of 1992.

3. Early in this century, ...................., a French priest and biblical scholar, was condemned for teaching that "The Pentateuch, in its present form cannot be the work of Moses."

4. The 1992 Hanley Lectures, "Jesus Christ Liberator: A Christology of Liberation," were given by ....................

5. In October, 1992, ...................., who had been condemned in the seventeenth century, was officially rehabilitated by Pope John Paul II at a meeting of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.

6. During the Second Vatican Council, ......................... wrote regular "Letters from Vatican City" to the New Yorker magazine.

7. Pope John XXIII appointed .................... to head the Vatican Secretariat for Christian Unity.

8. To many progressive bishops at Vatican II, ................., self-appointed guardian of the old order, symbolized all that was wrong with the Curia.

9. Canadian Jesuit theologian .................... was one of the periti invited to the Second Vatican Council.

10. In March of 1980, Archbishop .................... of San Salvador was assassinated while saying Mass.

II. Write paragraphs identifying or explaining FIVE of the following:

(a) Tridentine Church

(b) Immaculate Conception

(c) Felicite de Lamennais

(d) Dogma of Infallibility

(e) Modernism

(f) Jean Donovan

(g) Ultramontanism

(h) Inerrancy of Scripture

III. In short essays, answer TWO of the following.

[A] ... I submit that seven centuries ago, in the person at least of Thomas Aquinas, the Church ran neck and neck with the world in the vanguard of progress, of modernity, of the level of the times. I further submit that for a hundred years now we have been waking up as a Church -- waking up reluctantly ... -- waking up to find ourselves seven centuries behind the world, "in the unenviable position," to change the metaphor, "of always arriving on the scene a little breathless and a little late." [Frederick E. Crowe, Appropriating the Lonergan Idea (Michael Vertin, ed.) Washington: The Catholic University of America Press, 1989, pp. 153.]

USE YOUR KNOWLEDGE OF REPRESSIVE MEASURES TAKEN BY POPES GREGORY XVI, PIUS IX, AND PIUS X TO WRITE AN ESSAY SUPPORTING CROWE'S STATEMENT.

[B] "It is clear that no attentive reader of the Gospels could completely overlook the Synoptic fact. ... Thus it is surprising to learn that ... no scholar before the 18th century saw this fact as a problem, a complex literary phenomenon for which no adequate explanation existed. ...

Attitudes changed radically as scholars were influenced by the Enlightenment. ... It was impossible any longer 'to minimize the differences between the Gospels and to give the impression that they all really say the same thing.'" [New Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 13, p. 887.]

DIAGRAM AND EXPLAIN THE TWO-SOURCE HYPOTHESIS AS THE MOST ADEQUATE EXPLANATION OF THE SYNOPTIC PROBLEM. EXPLAIN SPECIFICALLY HOW IT EXPLAINS THE PROBLEM SURROUNDING THE INFANCY NARRATIVES, I.E. MARK DOES NOT HAVE AN INFANCY NARRATIVE AND THOSE OF MATTHEW (WISE MEN) AND LUKE( SHEPHERDS) ARE DIFFERENT.

[C] ... few things in Latin America are more life-threatening than the attempt to defend the right to life. The road of commitment to the poorest and most oppressed is for many a road of imprisonment, torture, disappearance, exile and death. Among those suffering this fate are many Christians, who are mistreated precisely because they bear witness to the Gospel by their effort at solidarity with the marginalized. Perhaps we lack as yet the perspective needed for an objective examination of this martyrdom of the Latin American Church, but one thing is certain: this church cannot be the same after so many of its children have given this kind of witness.

The Church of the poor disturbs the great of this world, whatever their ideological framework, and attacks their interests. For this reason it encounters the Lord's cross as it pursues its way. ... The blood of those who attest their love of God by solidarity with the poor is proof that this encounter with death and the cross is taking place. But the "blood of Christians is the seed" of a new life and a new hope. [Gustavo Gutierrez, "The Church and the Poor: A Latin American Perspective" in The Reception of Vatican II (Washington: The Catholic University of America, 1987), pp. 191-92.]

COMMENT ON THIS QUOTATION FROM THE LIBERATION THEOLOGIAN GUSTAVO GUTIERREZ WITH SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO ONE OF THE HANLEY LECTURES OF JON SOBRINO AND THE DOCUMENTS FROM THE 1968 AND 1979 SYNODS OF LATIN AMERICAN BISHOPS AND THE 1971 SYNOD OF BISHOPS IN ROME.

IV. Many have called The Second Vatican Council 'the greatest church event of the twentieth century.' Others have referred to Vatican II as the 'most important event in the history of the church since the Protestant Reformation.' There are some who would go even further and say that the Council 'marks a turning point in a thousand years of Christian history.' Write an essay giving your assessment of the impact of the Second Vatican Council on the life of the Roman Catholic Church. Your essay must include a critical evaluation of the following: the "pian" era, Pope John XXIII, Council preparations and deliberations, the major themes of the Council, the Vatican document on the liturgy, and your assessment of the impact Vatican II has had on the Church more than a quarter century after the end of the Council.

[MARKS: I. 6%; II. 5%; III. 4%; IV. 5%]

Dr. David G. Creamer, S.J.