I. (2.5%) From the following list of POPES, choose the appropriate entry to fill in the blanks below (names are to be used only once):

PIUS XII, PIUS IX, JOHN XXIII, BENEDICT XV, PAUL VI, GREGORY XVI, PIUS XI, JOHN PAUL II, PIUS X, LEO XIII.

1. During the last three sessions of the Second Vatican Council, Pope ...................................... was the Roman Pontiff.

2. The conclave of February, 1878, elected sickly, sixty-eight year old Cardinal Pecci as "caretaker" Pope .............................................

3. "An ugly gargoyle on the beauties of Rome," Pope ............................................. brought an end to the "modernist crisis" with his encyclical Ad Beatissimi Apostolorum.

4. The first of the nineteenth century pontiffs to confront and condemn emerging modern trends; Pope ............................................. placed foreign mission territories under direct papal control.

5. Pope ............................................. had been Patriarch of Venice before reluctantly accepting the papacy in 1903.

6. Achille Ratti, began his seventeen year pontificate as Pope ...................................... by giving the traditional urbi et orbi blessing from the outer balcony of St. Peter's for the first time since 1870.

7. In 1939, just three months after his election, Pope ................................... ordered excavation of the necropolis under St. Peter's Basilica.

8. Pope ............................................ was Cardinal Archbishop of Kraców before his election.

9. On June 16, 1846, Pope ............................................. began the longest pontificate in history.

10. Before becoming Pope in 1958, ......................................... had been a papal nuncio in both Istanbul and Paris.

II. (2.5%) From the following list of PAPAL ENCYCLICALS, choose the appropriate entry to fill in the blanks below (titles are to be used once and there are five that will NOT be needed):

IMMORTALE DEI, PACEM IN TERRIS, CASTI CONNUBII, QUADRAGESIMO ANNO, MORTALIUM ANIMOS, DIVINI REDEMPTORIS, CENTESIMUS ANNUS, MIRARI VOS, PROVIDENTISSIMUS DEUS, MATER ET MAGISTRA, DIUTURNUM, SINGULARI NOS, MIT BRENNENDER SORGE, MYSTICI CORPORIS CHRISTI, HUMANAE GENERIS.

1. .................................................... is the name of Pope Leo XIII's 1893 encyclical defending scripture from "rationalistic" interpretations and affirming Moses as the author of the Pentateuch.

2. ................................................... was issued by John Paul II to commemorate the one hundredth anniversary of Rerum Novarum.

3. Gregory XVI's encyclical ..................................................... condemned Paroles d'un Croyant as "small in size" but "enormous in wickedness."

4. Pius XI's encyclical, ......................................................., condemned "any use whatsoever of matrimony exercised in such a way that the act is deliberately frustrated in its natural power to generate life."

5. Leo XIII's 1885 encyclical ........................................................ stated: "unless forced by necessity to do otherwise, Catholics ought to prefer to associate with Catholics, a course which will be very conducive to the safeguarding of their faith."

6. In ........................................................ issued in 1950, Pope Pius XII reaffirmed the teaching of the Church about Adam and Eve and condemned polygenesis.

7. In 1937, Pope Pius XI issued ........................................................, a strong condemnation of atheistic communism.

8. Pope Pius XI's 1928 encyclical, ..............................................., condemns "pan-Christians;" those considering "all religions to be more or less good and praiseworthy."

9. In 1931, to mark the fortieth anniversary of Leo XIII's great social encyclical, Pius XI issued .......................................................

10. John XXIII's ................................................, which implicitly condemned atomic weapons, was the first papal encyclical addressed to "all men of good will."

III. (2.5%) From the following list of names, choose the appropriate entry to fill in the blanks below (names are to be used once and there are five that will NOT be needed):

BERNARD LONERGAN, JOHN HENRY NEWMAN, JOAN CHITTISTER, CHARLEMAGNE, ALFRED LOISY, GEORGE CARDINAL FLAHIFF, DOROTHY DAY, XAVIER RYNNE, GEORGE TYRELL, ELIZABETH SCHÜSSLER FIORENZA, ALFRED CARDINAL OTTAVIANI, PEPIN, NICHOLAS COPERNICUS, GALILEO GALILEI, AUGUSTINE CARDINAL BEA.

1. On Christmas day in 800 AD, Pope Leo III crowned .................................................... as Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.

2. Canadian Jesuit theologian ............................................... was at Vatican II as a peritus of the Canadian bishops.

3. Early in this century, ................................................, a French priest and biblical scholar, was condemned for teaching that "The Pentateuch, in its present form cannot be the work of Moses." 4. The 1989 Hanley lecturer, feminist theologian ................................................., is a Benedictine sister from Erie Pennsylvania.

5. Condemned by the Inquisition in 1633, .............................................. argued that in the Bible "the intention of the Holy Spirit is not to show us how the heavens move but how we get to heaven."

6. During the Second Vatican Council, ............................................... wrote regular "Letters from Vatican City" to the New Yorker magazine.

7. Pope John XXIII appointed ................................................. to head the Vatican Secretariat for Christian Unity.

8. To many progressive bishops at Vatican II, .................................................., self-appointed guardian of the old order, symbolized all that was wrong with the Curia.

9. Former Archbishop of Winnipeg, ..................................................... was elected to one of the Commissions of the Second Vatican Council.

10. "Haunted by God" is the tile of a touring play about ............................................., the controversial founder of the Catholic Worker Movement.

IV. (6%) Write paragraphs identifying or explaining SIX of the following:

(a) It is often said that the Tridentine Era came to an end with the death of Pope Pius XII? Precisely what was coming to an end?

(b) In 1858, at Lourdes, Mary is reported to have appeared to Bernadette Soubirous and identified herself as "the Immaculate Conception." What does this expression mean?

(c) Early in his reign, Pio Nono was affectionately called "il bello papa" ("the beautiful Pope"), yet his midnight funeral procession across Rome was attacked by an angry mob who almost succeeded in tossing his coffin into the River Tiber. What happened during his papacy to account for this change in affections?

(d) The memorial stone of John Henry Cardinal Newman is inscribed: Ex umbris et imaginibus in veritatem (out of shady regions and imaginations into truth). What is the significance of this inscription?

(e) In his address, Gaudet Mater Ecclesia, at the opening of the Second Vatican Council, Pope John XXIII proposed a novel approach to "errors." What was Pope John's approach?

(f) "We must not fall into the trap of ultramontanism . . . or into the opposite excess, . . . namely that the authority of the Church is almost uniquely from popular opinion" [ "Address by His Eminence Gerald Cardinal Carter, July 30, 1991" is printed in Companions of Jesus, Pilgrims with Ignatius: Congress '91 (Toronto: Canadian Institute of Jesuit Studies, 1991), p. 32]. What is ultramontanism?

g) The stage play Inherit the Wind is based on the celebrated 1925 "Monkey Trial." Its climax is a devastating cross examination of William Jennings Bryan whose case rested on a fundamentalist interpretation of the Bible. What was the nature of the debate about the Bible in this famous trial?

(h) What are the main features and emphases of the Vatican II document Dei Verbum?

i) In 1929, Pope Pius XI and Benito Mussolini signed the Lateran Pacts, that settled the so-called "Roman Question." Just what was the Roman Question?

j) In her 1994 Hanley Lectures, "Toward a Discipleship of equals," Dr. Elizabeth Schüssler Firoenza argued against patriarchy/kuriarchy and in favour of ekklesia. Explain her understanding of these underlined terms.

V. (5%) Many have called The Second Vatican Council 'the greatest church event of the twentieth century.' Others have referred to Vatican II as the 'most important event in the history of the church since the Protestant Reformation.' There are still others who would go even further and say that the Council 'marks a turning point in a thousand years of Christian history.' To date, we have considered two documents of Vatican II in some detail, Sacrosanctum Concilium and Lumen Gentium. In a short essay, discuss the main themes of ONE of these conciliar documents.

VI. (6.5%) In a short essay, answer ONE of the following.

[A] "I submit that seven centuries ago, in the person at least of Thomas Aquinas, the Church ran neck and neck with the world in the vanguard of progress, of modernity, of the level of the times. I further submit that for a hundred years now we have been waking up as a Church -- waking up reluctantly . . . -- waking up to find ourselves seven centuries behind the world, 'in the unenviable position,' to change the metaphor, 'of always arriving on the scene a little breathless and a little late'." [Frederick E. Crowe, Appropriating the Lonergan Idea (Michael Vertin, ed.) Washington: The Catholic University of America Press, 1989, p. 153.]

Use your knowledge of repressive measures taken by popes Gregory XVI, Pius IX, and Pius X to write an essay supporting this statement.

[B] "The roots of the Modernist crisis reach back to the Enlightenment and the French Revolution as charter events of the modern age. In the aftermath of the Revolution, various Catholic thinkers, led by Félicité Robert de Lamennais, advocated ecclesiastical accommodation to many of the principles of the revolution, such as popular sovereignty and freedom of speech. But Pope Gregory XVI condemned Lamennaisian liberalism (1832), And his successor Pius IX both hardened the church's stance against the modern world with his 'Syllabus of Errors' (1864) and centralized authority with the First Vatican Council's definition of papal infallibility (1870). These and other interventions repressed intellectual exploration in the church for nearly a generation. Around 1900 a few Catholic scholars, inspired by the thought of Cardinal John Henry Newman, tried again to span the growing gap between Catholic tradition and the kind of non-Catholic thought that by and large was ruling the present and claiming the future. Church authorities, still smarting from the European revolutions and the Italian Risorgimento that seized the Papal States, reacted vigorously to stem the infiltration of 'modern errors' into the Catholic Church." [David G. Schultenover, "The Church as Mediterranean Family," America (October 8, 1994), p. 9]

Answer the following questions about the above quotation:

a) Who is Félicité Robert de Lamennais?

b) What is the name and content of Pope Gregory XVI's 1832 encyclical?

c) What is the thrust of the "Syllabus of Errors" of Pope Pius IX?

d) What sort of "modern errors"did Pope Pius X condemn?