Name: .................................................................................. Student # .....................................

I. (2%) From the following list of POPES, choose the appropriate entry to fill in the blanks below (names are to be used only once):

PIUS XII, PIUS IX, JOHN XXIII, BENEDICT XV, PAUL VI, GREGORY XVI, PIUS XI, JOHN PAUL II, PIUS X, LEO XIII.

1. Achille Ratti, began his seventeen year pontificate as Pope ................................................ by giving the traditional urbi et orbi blessing from the balcony overlooking St. Peter's Square for the first time since 1870.

2. Before his election, Pope .................................................................... was Cardinal Archbishop of Kraców.

3. Pope ........................................................ saw himself as a peacemaker and maintained a strict "impartiality" during World War I which he sought to end with his 1917 "Peace Note."

4. Considered the greatest missionary Pope of the nineteenth century, ............................................................ brought an end to Portuguese and Spanish control over mission territories and condemned slavery.

5. Pope ........................................................... moved up the age for the reception of the sacraments of Reconciliation and the Eucharist to the "age of reason."

6. During the last three sessions of the Second Vatican Council, Pope ......................................................... was the Roman Pontiff.

7. Because Vatican City State was located within the axis block, Pope .............................................................. maintained an appearance of neutrality during World War II.

8. The conclave of February, 1878, elected Cardinal Pecci, a sixty-eight year old ascetic-looking aristocrat, as "caretaker" Pope ............................................................

9. The most significant act of Pope ................................................................ was the convening of the First Vatican Council in 1869.

10. Before becoming Pope in 1958, ............................................................... had been a papal nuncio in both Istanbul and Paris.

II. (2%) From the following list of ENCYCLICALS, choose the appropriate entry to fill in the blanks below (titles are to be used once and there are several that will not be needed):

IMMORTALE DEI, PACEM IN TERRIS, CASTI CONNUBII, QUADRAGESIMO ANNO, MORTALIUM ANIMOS, AETERNI PATRIS, DIVINI REDEMPTORIS, MIRARI VOS, PROVIDENTISSIMUS DEUS, MATER ET MAGISTRA, QUANTA CURA, DIUTURNUM, SINGULARI NOS, MIT BRENNENDER SORGE, DIVINO AFFLANTE SPIRITU, HUMANAE GENERIS, PASCENDI DOMINICI GREGIS.

1. .................................................... is the name of Pope Leo XIII's 1893 encyclical which attacked Alfred Loisy and others and defended scripture from "rationalistic" interpretations.

2. John XXIII's 1963 encyclical ...................................................., which offers a blueprint for a world community, predicts the end of colonialism and condemns the arms race and nuclear war.

3. Gregory XVI's encyclical ..................................................... condemned Paroles d'un Croyant as "small in size" but "enormous in wickedness."

4. Promulgated on August 4, 1879, ....................................................... sought to "restore the golden wisdom of St. Thomas [Aquinas] and to spread it far and wide for the defence and beauty of the Catholic faith."

5. In ........................................................ issued in 1950, Pope Pius XII condemned polygenesis and reaffirmed the traditional teaching of the Church about Adam and Eve while at the same time allowing "research and discussions . . . with regards to the doctrine of evolution."

6. In 1937, Pope Pius XI issued ........................................................, a strong defence of human society and culture against the philosophy of atheistic communism which it categorically condemned.

7. ........................................................, an 1881 encyclical of Leo XIII on the origin of civil power, marked an official end to the Catholic church's opposition to democracy.

8. Issued on September 30, 1943, ..................................................... opened the door to the world of modern biblical scholarship for Catholic scholars.

9. The "doctrines of the modernists" were condemned in ......................................................., a 1907 encyclical of Pope Pius X.

10. On December 8, 1864, Pope Pius IX issued the encyclical, ..............................................., to which he attached a syllabus of 80 errors which he condemned.

III. (2%) From the following list, choose the appropriate entry to fill in the blanks below (items are to be used once and there some that will not be needed):

HENRI DE LUBAC, JOHN HENRY CARDINAL NEWMAN, CHARLEMAGNE, LOURDES, AGGIORNAMENTO, ALFRED LOISY, XAVIER RYNNE, ALFRED CARDINAL OTTAVIANI, LAITY, FATIMA, NICHOLAS COPERNICUS, DIACONATE, CONSTANTINE, GALILEO GALILEI, AUGUSTINE CARDINAL BEA.

1. The term ......................................................... was used by Pope John XXIII to explain the purpose of the Second Vatican Council.

2. In 1917, Mary, the Mother of God, reportedly appeared, on six occasions over as many months, to three children in the town of ..........................................................

3. The Edict of Milan, issued by ......................................................... in 313, recognized Christianity as a religion and gave Christians the right to practice it.

4. The term ......................................................... is used to mean all the faithful, except those in Holy Orders and those who belong to a religious state approved by the Church

5. In October, 1992, ....................................................., who had been condemned in the seventeenth century, was officially rehabilitated by Pope John Paul II at a meeting of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.

6. During the Second Vatican Council, ................................................... wrote regular "Letters from Vatican City" to the New Yorker magazine.

7. Pope John XXIII appointed ..................................................... to head the Vatican Secretariat for Christian Unity.

8. During Vatican II, ................................................., self-appointed guardian of the old order, was prefect of the Holy Office.

9. The memorial stone on the grave of ........................................................ is inscribed "Ex umbris et imaginibus in veritatem" (out of shady regions and imaginations into truth).

10. The term ................................................... is used to denote the "service" of those who have received the imposition of hands "not unto the priesthood, but unto the ministry."

IV. (6%) Give short answers to SIX of the following nine questions:

(1) It is often said that the "Tridentine Era" came to an end with the death of Pope Pius XII? Just what was the Tridentine Era and why did it end with the death of Pius XII?

(2) A recent posting on the Internet, which was a reflection on growing up in the pre-Vatican II church, read in part: ". . . we rushed into preparation for a May procession. Those processions are mocked now, but I am happy I knew about them before everything in the liturgy had to undergo a bout with 'relevancy.' The statue of the Virgin Mary, high up on her pedestal surrounded by flowers of all kinds, was greeted by a long line of children wending their way through the church, led by the prettiest girl in the class with a crown of apple blossoms carried on a satin cushion. . . ." How did the Second Vatican Council deal with the role of Mary in the Church?

(3) Early in his reign, Pio Nono was affectionately called "il bello papa" ('the beautiful Pope"), yet his midnight funeral procession across Rome was attacked by an angry mob who almost succeeded in tossing his coffin into the River Tiber. What happened during his papacy to account for this change in affections?

(4) In the Nicene Creed of 325, the Second Person of the Trinity is said to be HOMOOUSIA with the Father. The Arian Creed of 360 speaks of the second Person of the Trinity as being HOMOIOUSIA with the Father. The two capitalized Greek words differ by just the letter "I" (iota). Why does the absence of the iota make the Nicene Creed "orthodox" and its presence make the Arian Creed heretical?

(5) In his address, Gaudet Mater Ecclesia, at the opening of the Second Vatican Council, Pope John XXIII said, in part: "In the daily exercise of our pastoral office, we sometimes have to listen, much to our regret, to voices of persons, who though burning with zeal, are not endowed with much sense of discretion or measure. In these modern times, they can see nothing but prevarication and ruin. They say that our era, in comparison with past eras, is getting worse. And they behave as though they had learned nothing from history, which is nonetheless the teacher of life, and as if at the times of other councils, everything was a full triumph for the Christian idea and for proper religious liberty. We feel that we must disagree with those prophets of doom, who are always forecasting disaster as though the end of the world were at hand." Who were the "prophets of doom" to whom was John XXIII was referring and why did he make this statement about them at the opening of the Council?

(6) "We must not fall into the trap of ultramontanism . . . or into the opposite excess, . . . namely that the authority of the Church is almost uniquely from popular opinion" [ "Address by His Eminence Gerald Cardinal Carter, July 30, 1991," printed in Companions of Jesus, Pilgrims with Ignatius: Congress '91 (Toronto: Canadian Institute of Jesuit Studies, 1991), p. 32]. Precisely what is ultramontanism?

7) The stage play Inherit the Wind and later Hollywood film by the same name, is based on the celebrated 1925 "Monkey Trial." Its climax is a devastating cross examination of William Jennings Bryan whose case rested on a fundamentalist interpretation of the Bible. What was the nature of the debate about the Bible in this famous trial?

8. It is clear that no attentive reader of the Gospels could completely overlook the "Synoptic fact." Yet, until the 18th century scripture scholars tended to minimize the differences between the Gospels and to give the impression that they all really said the same thing. But, in fact, they don't and scripture scholars, influenced by the Enlightenment, increasingly came to see the Synoptic fact as a "problem." The "Two-Source Theory" is one solution to this "problem." Briefly explain this hypothesis.

(9) In 1929, Pope Pius XI and Benito Mussolini signed the Lateran Pacts which settled the so-called "Roman Question." Just what was the Roman Question and how was it resolved?

V. (8%) Answer TWO of the following three questions:

1. Consider the following quotation from an essay by Catholic theologian, Frederick Crowe:

". . . I submit that seven centuries ago, in the person at least of Thomas Aquinas, the Church ran neck and neck with the world in the vanguard of progress, of modernity, of the level of the times. I further submit that for a hundred years now we have been waking up as a Church -- waking up reluctantly . . . -- waking up to find ourselves seven centuries behind the world, 'in the unenviable position,' to change the metaphor, 'of always arriving on the scene a little breathless and a little late.'" [Frederick E. Crowe, Appropriating the Lonergan Idea, ed. Michael Vertin (Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press, 1989), 153.]

Using your knowledge of measures taken by popes Gregory XVI, Pius IX, and Pius X, write an essay supporting the Crowe's statement. Your essay must include an answer to the following questions:

a) Who is Félicité Robert de Lamennais and how was he treated?

b) What is the thrust of the "Syllabus of Errors"?

c) What is "modernism" and how was it dealt with?

2. Pope John Paul II's apostolic letter on reserving priestly ordination to men alone, Ordinatio Sacerdotalis (May 22, 1994), concludes with the following paragraphs:

Although the teaching that priestly ordination is to be reserved to men alone has been preserved by the constant and universal Tradition of the Church and firmly taught by the Magisterium in its more recent documents, at the present time in some places it is nonetheless considered still open to debate, or the Church's judgment that women are not to be admitted to ordination is considered to have a merely disciplinary force.

Wherefore, in order that all doubt may be removed regarding a matter of great importance, a matter which pertains to the Church's divine constitution itself, in virtue of my ministry of confirming the brethren (cf. Lk 22:32) I declare that the Church has no authority whatsoever to confer priestly ordination on women and that this judgment is to be definitively held by all the Church's faithful."

On October 28, 1995, in response to a question as to "whether the teaching . . . presented in the Apostolic Letter Ordinatio Sacerdotalis is to be understood as belonging to the deposit of faith,"

The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, offered the following "Responsum:"

This teaching requires definitive assent, since, founded on the written Word of God, and from the beginning constantly preserved and applied in the Tradition of the Church, it has been set forth infallibly by the ordinary and universal magisterium (cf. Second Vatican Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church Lumen Gentium 25, 2). Thus, in the present circumstances, the Roman Pontiff, exercising his proper office of confirming the brethren (cf. Lk 22:32), has handed on this same teaching by a formal declaration, explicitly stating what is to be held always, everywhere, and by all, as belonging to the deposit of faith.

The Sovereign Pontiff John Paul II, at an Audience granted to the undersigned Cardinal Prefect, approved this Reply, adopted in the ordinary session of this Congregation, and ordered it to be published.

Rome, from the offices of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, on the Feast of the Apostles SS. Simon and Jude, October 28, 1995.

+Joseph Card. Ratsinger

Prefect

+Tarcisco Bertone

Archbishop Emeritus of Vercelli

Secretary

The question is a simple one: Is Pope John Paul II's statement infallible? Formulate your answer carefully and precisely!

3. Many have called The Second Vatican Council "the greatest church event of the twentieth century." Others have referred to Vatican II as the "most important event in the history of the church since the Protestant Reformation." There are still others who would go even further and say that the Council "marks a turning point in a thousand years of Christian history." To date, we have considered three documents of Vatican II in some detail, Sacrosanctum Concilium, Lumen Gentium, and Gaudium et Spes. With specific reference to the main themes of these three documents, outline, in a coherent essay, your agreement (or disagreement) with the statements in quotation marks.

David G. Creamer, S.J.