Page
last updated: Tuesday, November 22,
2022
CURRENT GRADUATE STUDENTS
Christian Barritt-Cleary
(MA) Osteology of Metacarpals in Older Adults in Denmark.
FORMER GRADUATE STUDENTS
Hunter M (2022) Trouble
Breathing in Scandinavia: An Investigation of Respiratory Health in Nordic
Europe. MA Thesis, Department of
Anthropology, University of Manitoba.
Sanchez J (2021) Tracking
Them All: Exploring Age-Related Variation in Sexual Dimorphism of the Human
Pelvis. PhD Thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Manitoba.
Nagengast-Stevens E (2020) Breaking the Age Barrier: Understanding
Trauma in Older Adults from the Danish Middle Ages. PhD Thesis, Department
of Anthropology, University of Manitoba.
Parker K (2019) Health and Aging in Medieval and
Post-medieval Denmark. PhD Thesis,
Department of Anthropology, University of Manitoba.
Beauchamp AM (2017) An Assessment of Socioeconomic Impact on
Childhood Skeletal Growth and Maturation in Medieval and Early Modern Denmark. PhD Thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of
Manitoba.
Duignan SE (2015) A Tale of Two Isotopes: Exploring Human
Movement through Strontium Isotope Analysis in Two Medieval Danish Cemetery
Populations. MA Thesis, Department of
Anthropology, University of Manitoba.
Scott AB (2015) Putting Stress to the Test: a Critical
Evaluation of the Biological Response and Physical Manifestation of Stress in
the Human Skeleton. PhD Thesis,
Department of Anthropology, University of Manitoba.
Richer S (2015) Getting
into Shape: A Comparison of Three Methods used to Characterize Personal
Uniqueness of the Frontal Sinuses using Computed Tomography (CT) Data. PhD
Thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Manitoba.
Gamble J (2014) A Bioarchaeological
Approach to Stress and Health in Medieval Denmark: Dental Enamel Defects and
Adult Health in Two Medieval Danish Populations. PhD Thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of
Manitoba.
Klales AR (2014) Computed Tomography Analysis and
Reconstruction of Ancient Egyptians Originating from the Akhmim
Region of Egypt: A Biocultural Perspective. PhD
Thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Manitoba. (Dr. Jonathan
Elias, co-advisor).
Gough H (2013) Isotopes and Teeth: Human Movement in two
Medieval Danish Cemetery Populations. MA
Thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Manitoba. (Dr. Mostafa Fayek,
co-advisor)
Sitchon ML (2013) Renewing
Relationships at the Centre: Generating a Postcolonial Understanding of Asiniskow Ithinewak Heritage.
PhD Thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Manitoba.
Campbell ML (2013) A Palaeopathological and Immunogenetic Assessment of
Archaeological Canadian Inuit Populations. PhD Thesis, Department of
Anthropology, University of Manitoba. (co-advisor; Dr. Linda Larcombe, advisor)
Maltais Lapointe G
(2013) Validation of the New
Interpretation of Gerasimov’s Nasal Projection Method for Forensic Facial
Approximation. MA Thesis, Department of
Anthropology, University of Manitoba.
Lidstone LJ (2011) Analysis of Sexual Dimorphism in Human Eye
Orbits using Computed Tomography. MA
Thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Manitoba.
Symchych N (2010) Craniofacial
Growth and Development in the Roebuck Sample. MA
Thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Manitoba.
Lefever L (2010) Laser
Ablation of Modern Human Cementum: The Examination of Trace Element Profiles.
MA Thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Manitoba.
Blackburn AC (2010) Bilateral
Asymmetry of the Humerus throughout Growth and
Development. PhD Thesis, Department of Anthropology,
University of Manitoba.
Moore NC (2009) Dental
Age Estimates of Individuals Buried at the Apollonia Pontica
Site. MA
Thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Manitoba.
Campbell M (2007) Biomechanical Modifications of a Danish
Medieval Population. MA Thesis,
Department of Anthropology, University of Manitoba.
Allard T (2006) The
Role of 3D Printing in Biological Anthropology. MA Thesis, Department of
Anthropology, University of Manitoba.
Duignan (2015) A Tale of Two Isotopes: Exploring Human
Movement through Strontium Isotope Analysis in Two Medieval Danish.
During the Medieval period of Denmark, economic and
trade relations grew inter-regionally, with culture, ideas, and products being
transferred on a more regular basis through the 11th to 13th centuries.
Beginning around 1050 AD and lasting until AD 1536, the country faced drastic
climatic changes, shifting economic and agricultural practices, and disease
outbreaks (most notably the bubonic plague). The current study seeks to
investigate mobility during this period from two medieval cemeteries around
Horsens, Denmark: the rural site of Sejet and the
urban site of Ole Wormsgade, both used throughout the
12th to 16th centuries. A previous isotopic analysis using oxygen indicated
that some movement was seen at these sites, with three individuals identified
as potential migrants from other Scandinavian regions. This study compares the
existing oxygen isotopic data with variations in 87Sr/86Sr ratios from these
samples. Such ratios represent local bedrock baselines of strontium, which are
slightly different between eastern and western Denmark. ICP-MS was used to
measure 87Sr/86Sr ratios, and results are interpreted in the context of
climatic changes and shifting socioeconomic practices. The results suggest that
longer-distance movements into Denmark were seen during the Early Medieval
Period. The potential migrant identified in this research points to movement
towards the rural population at Sejet, and could possibly
connect this migration with marriage rules influencing immigration at the time.
This research demonstrates that movement during the medieval period of Denmark
was a complex, dynamic, and multilinear process during a time of increasing urbanization..
This
research was supported by: the Social Sciences and Humanities
Research Council of Canada; the Anthony Arnhold
Graduate Fellowship Scholarship in Anthropology; and the Faculty of Graduate Studies,
University of Manitoba.
Scott (2015) Putting Stress to the Test: a Critical
Evaluation of the Biological Response and Physical Manifestation of Stress in
the Human Skeleton
Using traditional osteological methods of stress
analysis, specifically skeletal lesions and growth and development patterns,
this research focuses on the timing and manifestation of stress in the hard
tissues of the body and the interaction between these various indicators of
poor health. The Danish Black Friars cemetery population spanning the medieval
and post-medieval periods (13th-17th centuries) is used for this research to
explore changing health trends during a period of socioeconomic disruption and
expanding urban dwelling. The results of this study show a distinct trend
between the late and early post-medieval periods where stress was elevated
after the Reformation (AD 1536). Additionally, females generally show higher
levels of stress than males. The poorer health experienced in the post-medieval
period was likely influenced by the changing living conditions of the late 16th
century where urban dwelling increased in Denmark introducing new pathogens,
poorer living conditions and new environmental and working stressors, all
contributing to poorer health. While the overall level of stress appears to
increase into the post-medieval period, the average age-at-death is higher
after the Reformation suggesting that while these individuals may have been
exposed to more prolonged periods of stress, they were able to adapt and
survive in spite of these hardships. This research also examines the ability to
analyse stress through the extraction of ancient
proteins from bone. Using MircoBCA and enzyme-linked
immunoassay (ELISA) analysis, it is shown that protein preservation is good in
the Black Friars population and the level of protein reflects the expected
fluctuations associated with the demography of the population (i.e. age, sex)
and not necessarily the influence of stressors. Overall this study provides a
comprehensive examination of stress from its initial biological signal through
to skeletal disruption in a climate of expanding urban development and changing
socioeconomics in Denmark.
This
research was supported by: SSHRC Vanier Graduate Scholarship; SSHRC
Michael Smith Foreign Study Supplement;
Dr. Emöke J.E. Szathmáry
Graduate Fellowship in Biological Anthropology (University of Manitoba);
Manitoba Graduate Scholarship; Department of Anthropology, and the Faculty of Arts, the Faculty of Graduate
Studies, University of Manitoba; and Social Sciences and Humanities Research
Council of Canada.
Richer (2015) Getting
into Shape: A Comparison of Three Methods used to Characterize Personal
Uniqueness of the Frontal Sinuses using Computed Tomography (CT) Data.
Identification of unknown individuals is important in
forensic cases to notify next of kin and to execute legal matters. Several
areas in the skeleton have been proposed to aid in identification, including
the frontal sinuses. The frontal sinuses have long been considered unique to
each individual because of the high degree of observed morphological variation.
Due to their location inside the skull, between the inner and outer tables of
the frontal bone (Nambiar et al., 1999), visualisation
of the frontal sinuses is achieved through radiographic imaging, typically
X-Ray or computed tomography (CT).
Visual comparison and superimposition of an antemortem
image over a postmortem image to identify a match is the most basic method for
identifying if two frontal sinuses come from the same individual. This simple
approach has given way to several methods that attempt to quantify observed
morphological variation in the frontal sinuses. These methods can broadly be
grouped into three categories: measurement, coding and outline methods.
Recently, owing to the Daubert ruling, an increased emphasis has been placed on
quantification and testing to develop accurate and replicable methods within
forensic anthropology. In line with this ruling, it is crucial to test and
validate all personal identification methods on independent samples.
This dissertation compares three methods for
quantifying the personal uniqueness present in the frontal sinuses on an
independent sample. The three methods tested here are a measurement method
(Ribeiro, 2000), a coding method (Reichs and Dorion, 1992) and an outline method (Cox et al., 2009). The
sample used in this study is a postmortem CT collection of 130 individuals from
the University of Copenhagen. The protocols are described, including the
adaptations made to the Ribeiro (2000) and Cox et al. (2009) methods which were
originally designed to be used with X-ray image data rather than CT data. All
methods were repeated using iii all individuals to identify intraobserver
error. The three methodologies are evaluated and compared for their abilities
to characterize individuality and produce unique matches in this sample. The
results show that the weakest method is the coding system, while the strongest
are the outline and measurement techniques. The aspects of frontal sinus
morphology that made matching difficult will be discussed and recommendations
for forensic anthropologists to increase standardization are made. Future
directions, including the potential application of three dimensional renderings
of the frontal sinuses for morphological comparison, are considered.
This
research was supported by: University of Manitoba Graduate Fellowship, Social
Sciences and Humanities Research Council Doctoral Fellowship and the Canada
Research Chairs Program.
Gamble (2014) A Bioarchaeological Approach
to Stress and Health in Medieval Denmark: Dental Enamel Defects and Adult
Health in Two Medieval Danish Populations.
This research engages in a bioarchaeological
analysis of two medieval Danish sites using combined microscopic and
macroscopic methods in order to investigate three primary objectives. The first
was to consider the relationship between childhood stress and adult health
through the joint consideration of microscopic enamel defects and adult health
indicators. Given the context of these populations over a period of history
characterized by changing climate and socioeconomic conditions, punctuated by
famine and plague, this research also sought to examine temporal patterns in
health and stress through the osteological evidence. Finally, with increased
urbanization over the course of the period (particularly the early medieval
period), the final objective was to consider health patterns between rural and
urban populations. The results showed that the number of stress events did have
an impact on later life mortality, and that there was differential expression
of this relationship between males and females and between surface and internal
enamel defects. The temporal analysis showed a statistically significant
decrease in stature after 1350 A.D. as well as a decline in leprosy and
tuberculosis while treponemal infection became more common. The inter-site
comparison showed higher rates of treponema and leprosy at the rural site and
slightly higher rates of tuberculosis at the urban site, along with a significantly
lower mean age at death for the urban sample. This likely reflects the complex
nature of the rural and urban interaction during this period. This research
points to the complex relationship between stress and health and outlines the
importance of developing more comprehensive etiological models and operational
definitions for identifying stress indicators in dental enamel.
This research was supported by:
University of Manitoba Graduate Fellowship, SSHRC Vanier Canada Graduate
Scholarship, CGS Michael Smith Foreign Studies Supplement, Social Sciences and
Humanities Research Council, and the Canada Research Chairs Program.
Klales (2014) Computed Tomography Analysis and Reconstruction of
Ancient Egyptians Originating from the Akhmim Region
of Egypt: A Biocultural Perspective.
Despite popular and scientific interest in mummies,
very few studies of ancient Egyptian mummy collections, especially from the
same area, have been conducted. As such, this research is the first
comprehensive analysis of mummies from Akhmim, Egypt
and is one of only a few studies that investigate a large mummy collection from
both a biological and cultural point of view. A group of 25 mummies from the Akhmim Mummy Studies Consortium database was evaluated
using computed tomography. Using computed tomography and the associated imaging
software, two dimensional (2D) x-ray scan images were analyzed, then processed
and edited to generate three dimensional (3D) models of each mummy. Both the 2D
and 3D images of each mummy were used to collect both biological information
and cultural data in a nondestructive manner. Results from this study indicated
that the population of Akhmim was very diverse.
Furthermore, this research both supports and challenges conventional wisdom on
how ancient Egyptians were mummifying their dead.
This
research was supported by: Manitoba Graduate Scholarship,
University of Manitoba Graduate Fellowship, and the Canada Research Chairs
Program.
Gough (2013) Isotopes
and Teeth: Human Movement in two Medieval Danish Cemetery Populations
The mobility
patterns of two medieval Danish populations were investigated using oxygen
isotopic analysis. Oxygen isotopic data were collected from the dental enamel
of 26 individuals, 13 from the urban cemetery, Ole Worms Gade,
and 13 from rural Sejet, both located in Central
Denmark. Phosphate was chemically isolated as an oxygen analyte and analyzed
using Thermal Combustion Elemental – Mass Spectrometry (TC/EA-MS) in order to
minimize the effects of diagenesis on the oxygen isotopic composition of
enamel. Diagenesis of the dental tissues was also investigated using
spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry
(SIMS) was explored as an alternate method of obtaining isotope data for these
materials. Isotope data revealed three possible migrants. Results are
interpreted in the context of the shifting socioeconomic climate in medieval
Europe.
This
research was supported by: Social Sciences and Humanities Research
Council, the University of Manitoba, and the Anthony Arnhold
Graduate Fellowship Scholarship in Anthropology in addition to a Natural
Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grant to Dr. M. Fayek, and
the Canada Research Chairs program.
Sitchon (2013) Renewing
Relationships at the Centre: Generating a Postcolonial Understanding of Asiniskow Ithinewak Heritage.
For
the Asiniskow Ithiniwak
(Rocky Cree), the Missinipi (Churchill River) holds
many traditional resource areas and cultural landscapes with oral histories
that transfer knowledge through the generations (Linklater 1994; Castel and
Westfall 2001; Brightman 1993). In recent decades, hydroelectric development in
north central Manitoba has impacted Cree livelihood by altering resource use,
limiting access to significant cultural landscapes and accelerating the erosion
of campsites and ancestral burials into the water. Even with existing
provincial heritage legislation, some of these heritage resources remain
threatened by land-based developments because of the limitations related to their
identification, documentation and presentation in the cultural resource
management field. The tendency to focus
on physical manifestations of heritage such as archaeological sites, heritage
objects and built heritage overlooks other resources of heritage such as places
known in the local language. I argue that these biases result from cultural
divergences that exist in the understanding and definitions of heritage,
particularly Indigenous heritage.
In
this dissertation, I articulate how underlying theoretical assumptions of
reality influences our understandings of heritage. I present a postcolonial
understanding of heritage as interpreted from the perspective of the Asiniskow Ithiniwak using an
Indigenous research paradigm, methodologies and the nīhithow
language, in conjunction with knowledge based on Western intellectual
traditions. The use of a bicultural research model led to new ways in
identifying heritage resources important to the Asiniskow
Ithiniwak and meaningful interpretations of
archaeological materials based on legal traditions. Further, this case study
demonstrates that there is no singular or universal definition of heritage for
Indigenous peoples.
For
successful heritage resources protection, I illustrate that understandings of
heritage need to be contextualized locally through a community’s language,
culture, customary laws and local landscape. This view, promoted by UNESCO,
emphasizes that the values and practices of local communities, together with
traditional management systems, must be fully understood, respected, encouraged
and accommodated in management plans if their heritage resources are to be
sustained in the future (Logan 2008; UNESCO 2004). This outcome demonstrates
the need to re-examine the practices, policies, legislation and procedures
concerned with Indigenous knowledge in cultural and natural resources
management in Canada.
This research was supported by: Social
Sciences and Humanities Research Council Doctoral Fellowship; J.G.
Fletcher Award; C. Thomas Shay Scholarship; Enbridge archaeology award
(Department of Anthropology).
Campbell (2013) A
Palaeopathological and Immunogenetic Assessment of Archaeological Canadian
Inuit Populations.
For centuries
there has been a disparity in the health of Canadian Aboriginal populations and
the colonizers who came to inhabit their territories. In contemporary times,
this disparity is translated into a number of growing health concerns that
appear at higher rates in circumpolar populations than in many other Canadian
communities. Tuberculosis rates in Arctic and circumpolar communities,
particularly those with a high Inuit demographic, remain more than 20 times
higher than in any other population demographic. Understanding the factors that
contribute to the continued prevalence and high incidence of TB in the Arctic
compared to the remainder of Canadian populations demonstrate requires a
longitudinal analysis of a number of factors related to overall health.
This
dissertation explores this disparity through the examination of the
immunogenetics and palaeopathology of an archaeological Inuit population. This
archaeological cohort was assessed using palaeopathological techniques of to
establish the disease burden experienced by the Inuit in the pre‐contact and
early contact period. The palaeopathologicual inventory
also established individuals with possible TB pathologies as candidates for
further molecular analysis. Molecular analyses focused on the establishment of
Inuit ancestry and the examination of the presence of four polymorphic sites in
the promoter regions of IL‐6, IL‐10, TNFα and IFNγ.
Polymorphisms for the Th2 cytokines IL‐6 and IL‐10 are
associated with the down regulation of Th1 cytokines activated to combat TB
infection, while the Th1 cytokines TNFα and IFNγ
are essential for the effective immune response against TB infection. These
analyses resulted in the establishment of genotypes and phenotypes detected
utilising a novel molecular method and protocols developed specifically for
this research.
Osteological
observations indicated an increase in risk of disease in early contact
populations, particularly those associated with infectious disease or the co‐infection of
multiple conditions compared to the pre‐contact
cohort. In contrast pre‐mortem tooth loss decreased with contact, and
degenerative pathologies maintained a relatively balanced presence. TB
pathologies were observed in both pre‐contact and
contact groups, with an increased level of pathologies observed in contact
individuals. Molecular results suggest immunogenetic profiles similar to First
Nations groups, with only a single cytokine SNP exhibiting a unique phenotype
in comparison. Immunogenetic profiles suggest Inuit have maintained a Th2
immune response for many generations, and this remains unchanged with contact.
This research was supported by: Social
Sciences and Humanities Research Council Doctoral Fellowship; Canada Research
Chairs program; National Sanitarium Association; University of Manitoba
Graduate Fellowship; Faculty of Arts.
Maltais Lapointe (2013) Validation of the New Interpretation of
Gerasimov’s Nasal Projection Method for Forensic Facial Approximation.
Approximating the facial features for
forensic facial approximation is challenging, especially the nose. Numerous
methods have been published to position the tip of the nose in profile with
variable results. Gerasimov’s two-tangent method is the most commonly used.
However, a recent article published by Ullrich and Stephan (2011) states that
the method was not properly performed and provides new guidelines. This research
used a sample of CT scans from a Denmark population (N=66) to determined which
of Gerasimov’s literal translation or Ullrich and Stephan’s (2011) new version
of the two tangent method is the most accurate. A combination of the two
methods was also evaluated to determine the effect of each tangent
independently, and the effect of intraobserver error.
It was determine that the new guidelines result in smaller mean difference but
no method can accurately position the tip of the nose due to the lack of experience
from the practitioner. remains.
This research was supported by: Social
Sciences and Humanities Research Council Canada Graduate Scholarship; Faculty
of Graduate Studies Tri-council Master’s Supplement Award.
Lidstone (2011) Analysis of
Sexual Dimorphism in Human Eye Orbits using Computed Tomography
A plethora of anthropological studies
have been undertaken on the skull, including many analyses of sexual
dimorphism. Sexual dimorphism reflected
in the eye orbits has not always demonstrated consistent or reliable
results. However, recent studies
(Pretorius, Steyn, & Scholtz, 2006; Ji et al., 2010) suggest some positive
results utilizing geometric morphometrics to predict sex. Utilizing 97 post-mortem CT (computed
tomography) scans, established morphological and metric techniques for sex
determination were assessed from 3D rendered models of the crania. In addition, landmark data were collected on
the orbital margin to evaluate the accuracy of sex determination using
geometric morphometric techniques.
Traditional methods demonstrated poor levels of accuracy for prediction
of sex, however, utilizing generalised procrustes
analysis and discriminant function analysis on 3D landmark data resulted in
94.95% overall accuracy. Application of
recent methodological advances, including geometric morphometrics, should
continue to be developed as it increases the ability to assess sexual
dimorphism which will allow for greater identification of unknown remains.
Symchych
(2010) Craniofacial Growth
and Development in the Roebuck Sample
The purpose of this research is to
better understand the health of the Roebuck Iroquois population through the study
of the growth of its children. Four avenues
of osteological analysis are employed to investigate this topic: the comparison of craniofacial measurements
to dental age, comparison of craniofacial measurements with one another,
assessment of fluctuating asymmetry, and comparisons to other populations. The Roebuck subadults demonstrated a pattern
of craniofacial growth consistent with the pattern for a normal, healthy
child. Growth spurts in the craniofacial
complex were more difficult to observe and interpret than spurs in the long
bones. Fluctuating asymmetry was not
found in any of the bilateral measurements, indicating that any stress
experienced by the Roebuck subadults during development was not great enough to
have a detectable impact on cranial symmetry.
Roebuck appeared to be similar in size and growth to two other
populations with similar subsistence strategies and diets.
This research was supported by: Manitoba
Graduate Scholarship; Department of Anthropology; Canada Research Chairs
program
Lefever (2010) Laser Ablation of Modern Human Cementum: The
Examination of Trace Element Profiles.
This study used LA-ICP-MS on a
documented sample of modern teeth to sample from a continuous line across the
cementum increments thus creating a temporal line graph of the elemental
composition against distance. The knowledge of cementum was extended through
(1) a more complete elemental composition analysis and (2) the relation of
element distribution to the ultrastructure structure throughout the life of a
tooth. This study was exploratory and
demonstrated that lead, zinc, mercury, and barium follow the same general line
of changes, and most likely represent changes in health and exposure to these
metals in the general environment.
Copper, manganese and vanadium varied very little. Technological limitations prevented the
examination of element levels in any one annulation.
This
research was supported by: Canada Research Chairs program; Department of
Anthropology; Department of Geological Sciences, University of Manitoba
Blackburn
(2010) Bilateral Asymmetry of the Humerus throughout Growth and Development.
This research was supported by: Faculty
of Arts Graduate Research Award; JG Fletcher Award; University of Manitoba
Graduate Fellowship; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Graduate
Scholarship; Canada Research Chairs program.
Moore
(2009) Dental Age Estimates of
Individuals Buried at the Apollonia Pontica Site.
This research was supported by:
University of Manitoba Graduate Fellowship; Canada Research Chairs program.
Carter (2009) Monkey Hear: A Morphometric Analysis of the
Primate Auditory Ossicles.
The results of these investigations
demonstrate that the greatest variable in ossicle morphology is size. In the
shape analyses, the greatest differences occurred between the landmarks
measuring the maximum length of the malleus, the maximum length of the incus
and the maximum width of the ossicular chain bodies. The
haplorrhine–strepsirrhine split is well reflected in ossicle morphology.
Clustering into biological families was strong and the scaled data reflected
the accepted taxonomy, although the hierarchy within families tended to be out
of order compared to the cladogram. The results of the cluster analyses
indicate that although diet and activity patterns may be relevant when
discussing the morphology of a specific species, the grouping is not strong
enough to suggest that these patterns are an important factor in adaptation.
The auditory ossicles of the percussive forager are unusual in form and are the
largest of all the species represented. Daubentonia’s unique method of ‘hunting’ would seem a likely
cause of the outstanding shape differences, although this remains impossible to
prove without further study. The Cynocephalidae have
a unique ossicular morphology within the context of this study. Morphological
evaluation of the Cynocephalidae auditory ossicles
demonstrates a lack of concordance with the majority of phylogenetic hypotheses
and highlights the issues with using cluster analyses to make phylogenetic-morphological
assumptions. The EDMA method provided unanticipated information regarding the
articulation angles of the ossicular chains, particularly that of V.v. variegata.
The results provided by this study present opportunities for future research
and suggest many new questions on the morphology of primate auditory ossicles.
This research was supported by: Anthony Arnhold Fellowship; Manitoba Graduate Scholarship; Canada
Research Chairs program.
Morgan (2009) Sex Determination Using the Petrous Portion of the Temporal Bone: A Validation Study of Three Cranial
Techniques Using Computed Tomography (CT) Scans.
This research was supported by: Manitoba
Graduate Scholarship; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Canada
Graduate Scholarshi; Canada Research Chairs program.
ten Bruggencate (2008) Fidler
Mounds: Ancient Mortuary Practice and Manitoba’s Dynamic Cultural Landscape
Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) was used to obtain stable oxygen
isotope data from the dental tissues of 12 individuals once interred at Fidler
Mounds (EaLf-3), a cemetery mound site located in south-central Manitoba, 19
kilometers north of Winnipeg. Fidler
Mounds was originally constructed c.1800BP and was utilized as a burial ground
by precontact peoples in Manitoba for approximately 1000 years thereafter. The use of SIMS allowed the researcher to
obtain several in situ δ18O values from each individual’s intact cementum,
dentin and enamel. These values show
that mobility patterns during Manitoba’s middle and late Woodland period were
extremely complex and varied. Additionally,
intra-tissue δ18O variability recorded through SIMS analysis indicates
that traditional mass spectrometry may not be appropriate for assessing
migration patterns within highly mobile populations.
This research
was supported by: Manitoba Graduate Scholarship; C. Thomas Shay Scholarship.
Campbell (2007) Biomechanical Modifications of the Skeletal
System Influenced by Major Economic Shifts in Agricultural Production
This
research focuses on the influences of shifts in agricultural practices on the
patterns of daily repetitive activities and their associated reflections on the
skeletal system. Denmark in particular
experienced broad changes in agricultural production after the Black Death with
a shift in the primary form of agricultural production from grain production to
livestock rearing. These changes in
lifestyle activities are hypothesized as being reflected in modification of the
musculoskeletal system. Using metric
analysis and musculoskeletal stress markers (MSM’s) individuals are assessed
for biomechanical modification to ascertain if the changes in agricultural
production can be traced through the skeletal system by way of MSM’s. Results suggest a decrease in robusticity and
overall musculature from the grain producers to those who rear livestock, as
well as more apparent trends such as differences in male and female
musculature. Comparisons between the
high and low status individuals illustrate that there is a distinct division of
labour between the two, as well as within the groups.
Holland (2007) What about the Children? Incorporating
Osteological, Archaeological and Ethnographic Information to Understand Sadlermiut Childhood in the Past.
Allard
(2006) The Role of 3D Printing in
Biological Anthropology.
This research was supported by: Canada
Research Chairs Program; Z-Corporation.
Gill-Robinson (2005) The Iron Age Bog Bodies of the Archaeologisches Landesmuseum,
Schloss Gottorf, Schleswig, Germany.
Torwalt (2003) A
Replicability Study of Radiographic Techniques for Aging and Sexing the Human
Skeleton.
Sitchon (2003) Estimation of
Age from the Pubic Symphysis: Digital Imaging versus Traditional Observation
A main challenge facing skeletal age
determination is the inability to distinguish discernible aging features in
older adults. This study addresses this issue with a threefold process
involving age estimation from the pubic symphysis.