ID CBR1_HUMAN Reviewed; 277 AA. AC P16152; B2RBZ7; Q3LHW8; DT 01-APR-1990, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 23-JAN-2007, sequence version 3. DT 05-APR-2011, entry version 130. DE RecName: Full=Carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 1; DE EC=1.1.1.184; DE AltName: Full=15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NADP+]; DE EC=1.1.1.197; DE AltName: Full=NADPH-dependent carbonyl reductase 1; DE AltName: Full=Prostaglandin 9-ketoreductase; DE AltName: Full=Prostaglandin-E(2) 9-reductase; DE EC=1.1.1.189; GN Name=CBR1; Synonyms=CBR, CRN; OS Homo sapiens (Human). OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; OC Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; OC Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo. OX NCBI_TaxID=9606; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], AND PARTIAL PROTEIN SEQUENCE. RC TISSUE=Placenta; RX MEDLINE=89034082; PubMed=3141401; RA Wermuth B., Bohren K.M., Heinemann G., von Wartburg J.-P., RA Gabbay K.H.; RT "Human carbonyl reductase. Nucleotide sequence analysis of a cDNA and RT amino acid sequence of the encoded protein."; RL J. Biol. Chem. 263:16185-16188(1988). RN [2] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], AND PARTIAL PROTEIN SEQUENCE. RC TISSUE=Mammary gland; RX MEDLINE=90212644; PubMed=2182121; DOI=10.1016/0167-4781(90)90050-C; RA Forrest G.L., Akman S., Krutzik S., Paxton R.J., Sparkes R.S., RA Doroshow J., Felsted R.L., Mohandas T., Bachur N.R.; RT "Induction of a human carbonyl reductase gene located on chromosome RT 21."; RL Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1048:149-155(1990). RN [3] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. RX MEDLINE=92017676; PubMed=1921984; RA Forrest G.L., Akman S., Doroshow J., Rivera H., Kaplan W.D.; RT "Genomic sequence and expression of a cloned human carbonyl reductase RT gene with daunorubicin reductase activity."; RL Mol. Pharmacol. 40:502-507(1991). RN [4] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. RX MEDLINE=98414514; PubMed=9740676; DOI=10.1006/geno.1998.5380; RA Watanabe K., Sugawara C., Ono A., Fukuzumi Y., Itakura S., RA Yamazaki M., Tashiro H., Osoegawa K., Soeda E., Nomura T.; RT "Mapping of a novel human carbonyl reductase, CBR3, and ribosomal RT pseudogenes to human chromosome 21q22.2."; RL Genomics 52:95-100(1998). RN [5] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. RC TISSUE=Fetal brain; RA Terada T., Mizobuchi H.; RT "Human fetal brain carbonyl reductases."; RL Submitted (OCT-2003) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. RN [6] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. RA Kalnine N., Chen X., Rolfs A., Halleck A., Hines L., Eisenstein S., RA Koundinya M., Raphael J., Moreira D., Kelley T., LaBaer J., Lin Y., RA Phelan M., Farmer A.; RT "Cloning of human full-length CDSs in BD Creator(TM) system donor RT vector."; RL Submitted (OCT-2004) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. RN [7] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. RA Halleck A., Ebert L., Mkoundinya M., Schick M., Eisenstein S., RA Neubert P., Kstrang K., Schatten R., Shen B., Henze S., Mar W., RA Korn B., Zuo D., Hu Y., LaBaer J.; RT "Cloning of human full open reading frames in Gateway(TM) system entry RT vector (pDONR201)."; RL Submitted (JUN-2004) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. RN [8] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. RC TISSUE=Hippocampus; RX PubMed=14702039; DOI=10.1038/ng1285; RA Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., RA Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., RA Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S., RA Yamamoto J., Saito K., Kawai Y., Isono Y., Nakamura Y., Nagahari K., RA Murakami K., Yasuda T., Iwayanagi T., Wagatsuma M., Shiratori A., RA Sudo H., Hosoiri T., Kaku Y., Kodaira H., Kondo H., Sugawara M., RA Takahashi M., Kanda K., Yokoi T., Furuya T., Kikkawa E., Omura Y., RA Abe K., Kamihara K., Katsuta N., Sato K., Tanikawa M., Yamazaki M., RA Ninomiya K., Ishibashi T., Yamashita H., Murakawa K., Fujimori K., RA Tanai H., Kimata M., Watanabe M., Hiraoka S., Chiba Y., Ishida S., RA Ono Y., Takiguchi S., Watanabe S., Yosida M., Hotuta T., Kusano J., RA Kanehori K., Takahashi-Fujii A., Hara H., Tanase T.-O., Nomura Y., RA Togiya S., Komai F., Hara R., Takeuchi K., Arita M., Imose N., RA Musashino K., Yuuki H., Oshima A., Sasaki N., Aotsuka S., RA Yoshikawa Y., Matsunawa H., Ichihara T., Shiohata N., Sano S., RA Moriya S., Momiyama H., Satoh N., Takami S., Terashima Y., Suzuki O., RA Nakagawa S., Senoh A., Mizoguchi H., Goto Y., Shimizu F., Wakebe H., RA Hishigaki H., Watanabe T., Sugiyama A., Takemoto M., Kawakami B., RA Yamazaki M., Watanabe K., Kumagai A., Itakura S., Fukuzumi Y., RA Fujimori Y., Komiyama M., Tashiro H., Tanigami A., Fujiwara T., RA Ono T., Yamada K., Fujii Y., Ozaki K., Hirao M., Ohmori Y., RA Kawabata A., Hikiji T., Kobatake N., Inagaki H., Ikema Y., Okamoto S., RA Okitani R., Kawakami T., Noguchi S., Itoh T., Shigeta K., Senba T., RA Matsumura K., Nakajima Y., Mizuno T., Morinaga M., Sasaki M., RA Togashi T., Oyama M., Hata H., Watanabe M., Komatsu T., RA Mizushima-Sugano J., Satoh T., Shirai Y., Takahashi Y., Nakagawa K., RA Okumura K., Nagase T., Nomura N., Kikuchi H., Masuho Y., Yamashita R., RA Nakai K., Yada T., Nakamura Y., Ohara O., Isogai T., Sugano S.; RT "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human RT cDNAs."; RL Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004). RN [9] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], AND VARIANT SER-131. RG SeattleSNPs variation discovery resource; RL Submitted (NOV-2006) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. RN [10] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RX MEDLINE=20289799; PubMed=10830953; DOI=10.1038/35012518; RA Hattori M., Fujiyama A., Taylor T.D., Watanabe H., Yada T., RA Park H.-S., Toyoda A., Ishii K., Totoki Y., Choi D.-K., Groner Y., RA Soeda E., Ohki M., Takagi T., Sakaki Y., Taudien S., Blechschmidt K., RA Polley A., Menzel U., Delabar J., Kumpf K., Lehmann R., Patterson D., RA Reichwald K., Rump A., Schillhabel M., Schudy A., Zimmermann W., RA Rosenthal A., Kudoh J., Shibuya K., Kawasaki K., Asakawa S., RA Shintani A., Sasaki T., Nagamine K., Mitsuyama S., Antonarakis S.E., RA Minoshima S., Shimizu N., Nordsiek G., Hornischer K., Brandt P., RA Scharfe M., Schoen O., Desario A., Reichelt J., Kauer G., Bloecker H., RA Ramser J., Beck A., Klages S., Hennig S., Riesselmann L., Dagand E., RA Wehrmeyer S., Borzym K., Gardiner K., Nizetic D., Francis F., RA Lehrach H., Reinhardt R., Yaspo M.-L.; RT "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 21."; RL Nature 405:311-319(2000). RN [11] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RA Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., RA Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., RA Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., RA Hannenhalli S., Turner R., Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R., RA Shue B.C., Zheng X.H., Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H., RA Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K., Remington K.A., Clark A.G., RA Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D., Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W., RA Venter J.C.; RL Submitted (SEP-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. RN [12] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. RC TISSUE=Skin; RX PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504; RG The MGC Project Team; RT "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA RT project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."; RL Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004). RN [13] RP PARTIAL PROTEIN SEQUENCE, AND N6-1-CARBOXYETHYLATION AT LYS-239. RX MEDLINE=93133816; PubMed=8421682; DOI=10.1073/pnas.90.2.502; RA Krook M., Ghosh D., Stroemberg R., Carlquist M., Joernvall H.; RT "Carboxyethyllysine in a protein: native carbonyl reductase/NADP(+)- RT dependent prostaglandin dehydrogenase."; RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90:502-506(1993). RN [14] RP PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT TYR-194, AND MASS RP SPECTROMETRY. RC TISSUE=Lung carcinoma; RX PubMed=18083107; DOI=10.1016/j.cell.2007.11.025; RA Rikova K., Guo A., Zeng Q., Possemato A., Yu J., Haack H., Nardone J., RA Lee K., Reeves C., Li Y., Hu Y., Tan Z., Stokes M., Sullivan L., RA Mitchell J., Wetzel R., Macneill J., Ren J.M., Yuan J., RA Bakalarski C.E., Villen J., Kornhauser J.M., Smith B., Li D., Zhou X., RA Gygi S.P., Gu T.-L., Polakiewicz R.D., Rush J., Comb M.J.; RT "Global survey of phosphotyrosine signaling identifies oncogenic RT kinases in lung cancer."; RL Cell 131:1190-1203(2007). RN [15] RP ENZYME REGULATION, AND FUNCTION. RX PubMed=18449627; DOI=10.1007/s11095-008-9592-5; RA Gonzalez-Covarrubias V., Kalabus J.L., Blanco J.G.; RT "Inhibition of polymorphic human carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) by the RT cardioprotectant flavonoid 7-monohydroxyethyl rutoside (monoHER)."; RL Pharm. Res. 25:1730-1734(2008). RN [16] RP IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. RX PubMed=21269460; DOI=10.1186/1752-0509-5-17; RA Burkard T.R., Planyavsky M., Kaupe I., Breitwieser F.P., RA Buerckstuemmer T., Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G., Colinge J.; RT "Initial characterization of the human central proteome."; RL BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011). RN [17] RP X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.24 ANGSTROMS) OF 2-276 IN COMPLEX WITH THE RP SYNTHETIC INHIBITOR HYDROXY-PP AND NADP, MASS SPECTROMETRY, PARTIAL RP PROTEIN SEQUENCE, AND FUNCTION. RX PubMed=15799708; DOI=10.1371/journal.pbio.0030128; RA Tanaka M., Bateman R., Rauh D., Vaisberg E., Ramachandani S., RA Zhang C., Hansen K.C., Burlingame A.L., Trautman J.K., Shokat K.M., RA Adams C.L.; RT "An unbiased cell morphology-based screen for new, biologically active RT small molecules."; RL PLoS Biol. 3:E128-E128(2005). RN [18] RP X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.54 ANGSTROMS) OF 2-277 IN COMPLEX WITH NADP RP AND FORMALDEHYDE-GLUTATHIONE ADDUCT, AND FUNCTION. RX PubMed=17912391; DOI=10.1039/b707602a; RA Bateman R., Rauh D., Shokat K.M.; RT "Glutathione traps formaldehyde by formation of a RT bicyclo[4.4.1]undecane adduct."; RL Org. Biomol. Chem. 5:3363-3367(2007). RN [19] RP X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.77 ANGSTROMS) OF 2-277 IN COMPLEX WITH NADP, RP SUBSTRATE ANALOGS, FUNCTION, AND BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES. RX PubMed=18826943; DOI=10.1074/jbc.M807125200; RA Bateman R.L., Rauh D., Tavshanjian B., Shokat K.M.; RT "Human carbonyl reductase 1 is an S-nitrosoglutathione reductase."; RL J. Biol. Chem. 283:35756-35762(2008). RN [20] RP VARIANT ILE-88, CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANT ILE-88, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL RP PROPERTIES, AND ENZYME REGULATION. RX PubMed=17344335; DOI=10.1124/dmd.107.014779; RA Gonzalez-Covarrubias V., Ghosh D., Lakhman S.S., Pendyala L., RA Blanco J.G.; RT "A functional genetic polymorphism on human carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1 RT V88I) impacts on catalytic activity and NADPH binding affinity."; RL Drug Metab. Dispos. 35:973-980(2007). CC -!- FUNCTION: NADPH-dependent reductase with broad substrate CC specificity. Catalyzes the reduction of a wide variety of carbonyl CC compounds including quinones, prostaglandins, menadione, plus CC various xenobiotics. Catalyzes the reduction of the antitumor CC anthracyclines doxorubicin and daunorubicin to the cardiotoxic CC compounds doxorubicinol and daunorubicinol. Can convert CC prostaglandin E2 to prostaglandin F2-alpha. Can bind glutathione, CC which explains its higher affinity for glutathione-conjugated CC substrates. Catalyzes the reduction of S-nitrosoglutathione. CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: R-CHOH-R' + NADP(+) = R-CO-R' + NADPH. CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9-alpha,11-alpha,15- CC trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate + NADP(+) = (5Z,13E)-(15S)-11- CC alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoate + NADPH. CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: (13E)-(15S)-11-alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprost- CC 13-enoate + NADP(+) = (13E)-11-alpha-hydroxy-9,15-dioxoprost-13- CC enoate + NADPH. CC -!- ENZYME REGULATION: Inhibited by quercetin, rutenin and its CC derivatives. CC -!- BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: CC Kinetic parameters: CC KM=30 uM for S-nitrosoglutathione; CC KM=22 uM for menadione; CC KM=309 uM for prostaglandin E2; CC KM=173 uM for daunorubicin; CC KM=247 uM for NADPH; CC -!- SUBUNIT: Monomer. CC -!- INTERACTION: CC P23508:MCC; NbExp=1; IntAct=EBI-351348, EBI-307531; CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases CC (SDR) family. CC -!- WEB RESOURCE: Name=SeattleSNPs; CC URL="http://pga.gs.washington.edu/data/cbr1/"; CC ----------------------------------------------------------------------- CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see http://www.uniprot.org/terms CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs License CC ----------------------------------------------------------------------- DR EMBL; J04056; AAA52070.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; M62420; AAA17881.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AB003151; BAA33498.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AP000688; BAA89424.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AB124848; BAE45940.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; BT019843; AAV38646.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; CR541708; CAG46509.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; AK314879; BAG37394.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; EF141836; ABK97430.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AP001724; BAA95508.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; CH471079; EAX09755.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; BC002511; AAH02511.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; BC015640; AAH15640.1; -; mRNA. DR IPI; IPI00295386; -. DR PIR; A61271; RDHUCB. DR RefSeq; NP_001748.1; NM_001757.2. DR UniGene; Hs.606200; -. DR UniGene; Hs.88778; -. DR PDB; 1WMA; X-ray; 1.24 A; A=2-276. DR PDB; 2PFG; X-ray; 1.54 A; A=2-277. DR PDB; 3BHI; X-ray; 2.27 A; A=2-277. DR PDB; 3BHJ; X-ray; 1.77 A; A=2-277. DR PDB; 3BHM; X-ray; 1.80 A; A=2-277. DR PDBsum; 1WMA; -. DR PDBsum; 2PFG; -. DR PDBsum; 3BHI; -. DR PDBsum; 3BHJ; -. DR PDBsum; 3BHM; -. DR ProteinModelPortal; P16152; -. DR SMR; P16152; 3-277. DR IntAct; P16152; 17. DR MINT; MINT-1418935; -. DR STRING; P16152; -. DR PhosphoSite; P16152; -. DR REPRODUCTION-2DPAGE; IPI00295386; -. DR UCD-2DPAGE; P16152; -. DR PeptideAtlas; P16152; -. DR PRIDE; P16152; -. DR Ensembl; ENST00000290349; ENSP00000290349; ENSG00000159228. DR GeneID; 873; -. DR KEGG; hsa:873; -. DR UCSC; uc002yvb.1; human. DR CTD; 873; -. DR GeneCards; GC21P022920; -. DR H-InvDB; HIX0016099; -. DR HGNC; HGNC:1548; CBR1. DR HPA; HPA018433; -. DR MIM; 114830; gene. DR neXtProt; NX_P16152; -. DR PharmGKB; PA26121; -. DR eggNOG; prNOG15925; -. DR GeneTree; ENSGT00510000046499; -. DR HOGENOM; HBG750976; -. DR HOVERGEN; HBG001909; -. DR InParanoid; P16152; -. DR OMA; NTAYGVT; -. DR OrthoDB; EOG4BP1CB; -. DR PhylomeDB; P16152; -. DR BRENDA; 1.1.1.184; 247. DR BRENDA; 1.1.1.189; 247. DR BRENDA; 1.1.1.197; 247. DR DrugBank; DB00414; Acetohexamide. DR DrugBank; DB01046; Lubiprostone. DR NextBio; 3634; -. DR ArrayExpress; P16152; -. DR Bgee; P16152; -. DR CleanEx; HS_CBR1; -. DR Genevestigator; P16152; -. DR GermOnline; ENSG00000159228; Homo sapiens. DR GO; GO:0005737; C:cytoplasm; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell. DR GO; GO:0047021; F:15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity; IEA:EC. DR GO; GO:0004090; F:carbonyl reductase (NADPH) activity; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0050221; F:prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase activity; IEA:EC. DR GO; GO:0005515; F:protein binding; IPI:IntAct. DR GO; GO:0017144; P:drug metabolic process; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0055114; P:oxidation-reduction process; IEA:UniProtKB-KW. DR GO; GO:0042373; P:vitamin K metabolic process; IDA:UniProtKB. DR InterPro; IPR002198; DH_sc/Rdtase_SDR. DR InterPro; IPR002347; Glc/ribitol_DH. DR InterPro; IPR016040; NAD(P)-bd_dom. DR InterPro; IPR020904; Sc_DH/Rdtase_CS. DR Gene3D; G3DSA:3.40.50.720; NAD(P)-bd; 1. DR Pfam; PF00106; adh_short; 1. DR PRINTS; PR00081; GDHRDH. DR PRINTS; PR00080; SDRFAMILY. DR PROSITE; PS00061; ADH_SHORT; 1. PE 1: Evidence at protein level; KW 3D-structure; Acetylation; Complete proteome; Cytoplasm; KW Direct protein sequencing; NADP; Oxidoreductase; Phosphoprotein; KW Polymorphism. FT INIT_MET 1 1 Removed. FT CHAIN 2 277 Carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 1. FT /FTId=PRO_0000054602. FT NP_BIND 10 34 NADP. FT NP_BIND 63 64 NADP. FT NP_BIND 194 198 NADP. FT NP_BIND 231 233 NADP. FT REGION 95 97 Glutathione binding. FT REGION 193 194 Glutathione binding. FT ACT_SITE 194 194 Proton acceptor. FT BINDING 90 90 NADP; via carbonyl oxygen. FT BINDING 106 106 Glutathione. FT BINDING 140 140 Substrate. FT MOD_RES 2 2 N-acetylserine. FT MOD_RES 194 194 Phosphotyrosine. FT MOD_RES 239 239 N6-1-carboxyethyl lysine. FT VARIANT 88 88 V -> I (reduced affinity for NADPH and FT reduced activity towards daunorubicin and FT prostaglandin E2; dbSNP:rs1143663). FT /FTId=VAR_059053. FT VARIANT 131 131 P -> S (in dbSNP:rs41557318). FT /FTId=VAR_031706. FT STRAND 7 12 FT HELIX 16 28 FT STRAND 29 39 FT HELIX 40 52 FT STRAND 58 61 FT HELIX 67 81 FT STRAND 82 89 FT HELIX 103 114 FT HELIX 116 125 FT HELIX 126 128 FT STRAND 129 138 FT HELIX 141 148 FT HELIX 152 159 FT HELIX 165 180 FT TURN 184 188 FT HELIX 193 215 FT STRAND 222 227 FT TURN 234 236 FT HELIX 244 247 FT HELIX 249 255 FT STRAND 268 270 FT STRAND 273 275 SQ SEQUENCE 277 AA; 30375 MW; 51A5A495EB4F4EC3 CRC64; MSSGIHVALV TGGNKGIGLA IVRDLCRLFS GDVVLTARDV TRGQAAVQQL QAEGLSPRFH QLDIDDLQSI RALRDFLRKE YGGLDVLVNN AGIAFKVADP TPFHIQAEVT MKTNFFGTRD VCTELLPLIK PQGRVVNVSS IMSVRALKSC SPELQQKFRS ETITEEELVG LMNKFVEDTK KGVHQKEGWP SSAYGVTKIG VTVLSRIHAR KLSEQRKGDK ILLNACCPGW VRTDMAGPKA TKSPEEGAET PVYLALLPPD AEGPHGQFVS EKRVEQW //