"""Translation helper functions.""" from __future__ import unicode_literals import locale import os import re import sys import gettext as gettext_module from threading import local from django.utils.importlib import import_module from django.utils.encoding import force_str, force_text from django.utils._os import upath from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe, SafeData from django.utils import six from django.utils.six import StringIO # Translations are cached in a dictionary for every language+app tuple. # The active translations are stored by threadid to make them thread local. _translations = {} _active = local() # The default translation is based on the settings file. _default = None # This is a cache for normalized accept-header languages to prevent multiple # file lookups when checking the same locale on repeated requests. _accepted = {} # magic gettext number to separate context from message CONTEXT_SEPARATOR = "\x04" # Format of Accept-Language header values. From RFC 2616, section 14.4 and 3.9 # and RFC 3066, section 2.1 accept_language_re = re.compile(r''' ([A-Za-z]{1,8}(?:-[A-Za-z0-9]{1,8})*|\*) # "en", "en-au", "x-y-z", "es-419", "*" (?:\s*;\s*q=(0(?:\.\d{,3})?|1(?:.0{,3})?))? # Optional "q=1.00", "q=0.8" (?:\s*,\s*|$) # Multiple accepts per header. ''', re.VERBOSE) language_code_prefix_re = re.compile(r'^/([\w-]+)(/|$)') def to_locale(language, to_lower=False): """ Turns a language name (en-us) into a locale name (en_US). If 'to_lower' is True, the last component is lower-cased (en_us). """ p = language.find('-') if p >= 0: if to_lower: return language[:p].lower()+'_'+language[p+1:].lower() else: # Get correct locale for sr-latn if len(language[p+1:]) > 2: return language[:p].lower()+'_'+language[p+1].upper()+language[p+2:].lower() return language[:p].lower()+'_'+language[p+1:].upper() else: return language.lower() def to_language(locale): """Turns a locale name (en_US) into a language name (en-us).""" p = locale.find('_') if p >= 0: return locale[:p].lower()+'-'+locale[p+1:].lower() else: return locale.lower() class DjangoTranslation(gettext_module.GNUTranslations): """ This class sets up the GNUTranslations context with regard to output charset. """ def __init__(self, *args, **kw): gettext_module.GNUTranslations.__init__(self, *args, **kw) self.set_output_charset('utf-8') self.django_output_charset = 'utf-8' self.__language = '??' def merge(self, other): self._catalog.update(other._catalog) def set_language(self, language): self.__language = language self.__to_language = to_language(language) def language(self): return self.__language def to_language(self): return self.__to_language def __repr__(self): return "" % self.__language def translation(language): """ Returns a translation object. This translation object will be constructed out of multiple GNUTranslations objects by merging their catalogs. It will construct a object for the requested language and add a fallback to the default language, if it's different from the requested language. """ global _translations t = _translations.get(language, None) if t is not None: return t from django.conf import settings globalpath = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(upath(sys.modules[settings.__module__].__file__)), 'locale') def _fetch(lang, fallback=None): global _translations res = _translations.get(lang, None) if res is not None: return res loc = to_locale(lang) def _translation(path): try: t = gettext_module.translation('django', path, [loc], DjangoTranslation) t.set_language(lang) return t except IOError: return None res = _translation(globalpath) # We want to ensure that, for example, "en-gb" and "en-us" don't share # the same translation object (thus, merging en-us with a local update # doesn't affect en-gb), even though they will both use the core "en" # translation. So we have to subvert Python's internal gettext caching. base_lang = lambda x: x.split('-', 1)[0] if base_lang(lang) in [base_lang(trans) for trans in _translations]: res._info = res._info.copy() res._catalog = res._catalog.copy() def _merge(path): t = _translation(path) if t is not None: if res is None: return t else: res.merge(t) return res for appname in reversed(settings.INSTALLED_APPS): app = import_module(appname) apppath = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(upath(app.__file__)), 'locale') if os.path.isdir(apppath): res = _merge(apppath) for localepath in reversed(settings.LOCALE_PATHS): if os.path.isdir(localepath): res = _merge(localepath) if res is None: if fallback is not None: res = fallback else: return gettext_module.NullTranslations() _translations[lang] = res return res default_translation = _fetch(settings.LANGUAGE_CODE) current_translation = _fetch(language, fallback=default_translation) return current_translation def activate(language): """ Fetches the translation object for a given tuple of application name and language and installs it as the current translation object for the current thread. """ _active.value = translation(language) def deactivate(): """ Deinstalls the currently active translation object so that further _ calls will resolve against the default translation object, again. """ if hasattr(_active, "value"): del _active.value def deactivate_all(): """ Makes the active translation object a NullTranslations() instance. This is useful when we want delayed translations to appear as the original string for some reason. """ _active.value = gettext_module.NullTranslations() def get_language(): """Returns the currently selected language.""" t = getattr(_active, "value", None) if t is not None: try: return t.to_language() except AttributeError: pass # If we don't have a real translation object, assume it's the default language. from django.conf import settings return settings.LANGUAGE_CODE def get_language_bidi(): """ Returns selected language's BiDi layout. * False = left-to-right layout * True = right-to-left layout """ from django.conf import settings base_lang = get_language().split('-')[0] return base_lang in settings.LANGUAGES_BIDI def catalog(): """ Returns the current active catalog for further processing. This can be used if you need to modify the catalog or want to access the whole message catalog instead of just translating one string. """ global _default t = getattr(_active, "value", None) if t is not None: return t if _default is None: from django.conf import settings _default = translation(settings.LANGUAGE_CODE) return _default def do_translate(message, translation_function): """ Translates 'message' using the given 'translation_function' name -- which will be either gettext or ugettext. It uses the current thread to find the translation object to use. If no current translation is activated, the message will be run through the default translation object. """ global _default # str() is allowing a bytestring message to remain bytestring on Python 2 eol_message = message.replace(str('\r\n'), str('\n')).replace(str('\r'), str('\n')) t = getattr(_active, "value", None) if t is not None: result = getattr(t, translation_function)(eol_message) else: if _default is None: from django.conf import settings _default = translation(settings.LANGUAGE_CODE) result = getattr(_default, translation_function)(eol_message) if isinstance(message, SafeData): return mark_safe(result) return result def gettext(message): """ Returns a string of the translation of the message. Returns a string on Python 3 and an UTF-8-encoded bytestring on Python 2. """ return do_translate(message, 'gettext') if six.PY3: ugettext = gettext else: def ugettext(message): return do_translate(message, 'ugettext') def pgettext(context, message): msg_with_ctxt = "%s%s%s" % (context, CONTEXT_SEPARATOR, message) result = ugettext(msg_with_ctxt) if CONTEXT_SEPARATOR in result: # Translation not found result = message return result def gettext_noop(message): """ Marks strings for translation but doesn't translate them now. This can be used to store strings in global variables that should stay in the base language (because they might be used externally) and will be translated later. """ return message def do_ntranslate(singular, plural, number, translation_function): global _default t = getattr(_active, "value", None) if t is not None: return getattr(t, translation_function)(singular, plural, number) if _default is None: from django.conf import settings _default = translation(settings.LANGUAGE_CODE) return getattr(_default, translation_function)(singular, plural, number) def ngettext(singular, plural, number): """ Returns a string of the translation of either the singular or plural, based on the number. Returns a string on Python 3 and an UTF-8-encoded bytestring on Python 2. """ return do_ntranslate(singular, plural, number, 'ngettext') if six.PY3: ungettext = ngettext else: def ungettext(singular, plural, number): """ Returns a unicode strings of the translation of either the singular or plural, based on the number. """ return do_ntranslate(singular, plural, number, 'ungettext') def npgettext(context, singular, plural, number): msgs_with_ctxt = ("%s%s%s" % (context, CONTEXT_SEPARATOR, singular), "%s%s%s" % (context, CONTEXT_SEPARATOR, plural), number) result = ungettext(*msgs_with_ctxt) if CONTEXT_SEPARATOR in result: # Translation not found result = ungettext(singular, plural, number) return result def all_locale_paths(): """ Returns a list of paths to user-provides languages files. """ from django.conf import settings globalpath = os.path.join( os.path.dirname(upath(sys.modules[settings.__module__].__file__)), 'locale') return [globalpath] + list(settings.LOCALE_PATHS) def check_for_language(lang_code): """ Checks whether there is a global language file for the given language code. This is used to decide whether a user-provided language is available. This is only used for language codes from either the cookies or session and during format localization. """ for path in all_locale_paths(): if gettext_module.find('django', path, [to_locale(lang_code)]) is not None: return True return False def get_language_from_path(path, supported=None): """ Returns the language-code if there is a valid language-code found in the `path`. """ if supported is None: from django.conf import settings supported = dict(settings.LANGUAGES) regex_match = language_code_prefix_re.match(path) if regex_match: lang_code = regex_match.group(1) if lang_code in supported and check_for_language(lang_code): return lang_code def get_language_from_request(request, check_path=False): """ Analyzes the request to find what language the user wants the system to show. Only languages listed in settings.LANGUAGES are taken into account. If the user requests a sublanguage where we have a main language, we send out the main language. If check_path is True, the URL path prefix will be checked for a language code, otherwise this is skipped for backwards compatibility. """ global _accepted from django.conf import settings supported = dict(settings.LANGUAGES) if check_path: lang_code = get_language_from_path(request.path_info, supported) if lang_code is not None: return lang_code if hasattr(request, 'session'): lang_code = request.session.get('django_language', None) if lang_code in supported and lang_code is not None and check_for_language(lang_code): return lang_code lang_code = request.COOKIES.get(settings.LANGUAGE_COOKIE_NAME) if lang_code and lang_code not in supported: lang_code = lang_code.split('-')[0] # e.g. if fr-ca is not supported fallback to fr if lang_code and lang_code in supported and check_for_language(lang_code): return lang_code accept = request.META.get('HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE', '') for accept_lang, unused in parse_accept_lang_header(accept): if accept_lang == '*': break # We have a very restricted form for our language files (no encoding # specifier, since they all must be UTF-8 and only one possible # language each time. So we avoid the overhead of gettext.find() and # work out the MO file manually. # 'normalized' is the root name of the locale in POSIX format (which is # the format used for the directories holding the MO files). normalized = locale.locale_alias.get(to_locale(accept_lang, True)) if not normalized: continue # Remove the default encoding from locale_alias. normalized = normalized.split('.')[0] if normalized in _accepted: # We've seen this locale before and have an MO file for it, so no # need to check again. return _accepted[normalized] for lang, dirname in ((accept_lang, normalized), (accept_lang.split('-')[0], normalized.split('_')[0])): if lang.lower() not in supported: continue for path in all_locale_paths(): if os.path.exists(os.path.join(path, dirname, 'LC_MESSAGES', 'django.mo')): _accepted[normalized] = lang return lang return settings.LANGUAGE_CODE dot_re = re.compile(r'\S') def blankout(src, char): """ Changes every non-whitespace character to the given char. Used in the templatize function. """ return dot_re.sub(char, src) context_re = re.compile(r"""^\s+.*context\s+((?:"[^"]*?")|(?:'[^']*?'))\s*""") inline_re = re.compile(r"""^\s*trans\s+((?:"[^"]*?")|(?:'[^']*?'))(\s+.*context\s+((?:"[^"]*?")|(?:'[^']*?')))?\s*""") block_re = re.compile(r"""^\s*blocktrans(\s+.*context\s+((?:"[^"]*?")|(?:'[^']*?')))?(?:\s+|$)""") endblock_re = re.compile(r"""^\s*endblocktrans$""") plural_re = re.compile(r"""^\s*plural$""") constant_re = re.compile(r"""_\(((?:".*?")|(?:'.*?'))\)""") one_percent_re = re.compile(r"""(?= translators_comment_start: out.write(' # %s' % line) else: out.write(' #\n') incomment = False comment = [] else: comment.append(t.contents) elif intrans: if t.token_type == TOKEN_BLOCK: endbmatch = endblock_re.match(t.contents) pluralmatch = plural_re.match(t.contents) if endbmatch: if inplural: if message_context: out.write(' npgettext(%r, %r, %r,count) ' % (message_context, ''.join(singular), ''.join(plural))) else: out.write(' ngettext(%r, %r, count) ' % (''.join(singular), ''.join(plural))) for part in singular: out.write(blankout(part, 'S')) for part in plural: out.write(blankout(part, 'P')) else: if message_context: out.write(' pgettext(%r, %r) ' % (message_context, ''.join(singular))) else: out.write(' gettext(%r) ' % ''.join(singular)) for part in singular: out.write(blankout(part, 'S')) message_context = None intrans = False inplural = False singular = [] plural = [] elif pluralmatch: inplural = True else: filemsg = '' if origin: filemsg = 'file %s, ' % origin raise SyntaxError("Translation blocks must not include other block tags: %s (%sline %d)" % (t.contents, filemsg, t.lineno)) elif t.token_type == TOKEN_VAR: if inplural: plural.append('%%(%s)s' % t.contents) else: singular.append('%%(%s)s' % t.contents) elif t.token_type == TOKEN_TEXT: contents = one_percent_re.sub('%%', t.contents) if inplural: plural.append(contents) else: singular.append(contents) else: if t.token_type == TOKEN_BLOCK: imatch = inline_re.match(t.contents) bmatch = block_re.match(t.contents) cmatches = constant_re.findall(t.contents) if imatch: g = imatch.group(1) if g[0] == '"': g = g.strip('"') elif g[0] == "'": g = g.strip("'") g = one_percent_re.sub('%%', g) if imatch.group(2): # A context is provided context_match = context_re.match(imatch.group(2)) message_context = context_match.group(1) if message_context[0] == '"': message_context = message_context.strip('"') elif message_context[0] == "'": message_context = message_context.strip("'") out.write(' pgettext(%r, %r) ' % (message_context, g)) message_context = None else: out.write(' gettext(%r) ' % g) elif bmatch: for fmatch in constant_re.findall(t.contents): out.write(' _(%s) ' % fmatch) if bmatch.group(1): # A context is provided context_match = context_re.match(bmatch.group(1)) message_context = context_match.group(1) if message_context[0] == '"': message_context = message_context.strip('"') elif message_context[0] == "'": message_context = message_context.strip("'") intrans = True inplural = False singular = [] plural = [] elif cmatches: for cmatch in cmatches: out.write(' _(%s) ' % cmatch) elif t.contents == 'comment': incomment = True else: out.write(blankout(t.contents, 'B')) elif t.token_type == TOKEN_VAR: parts = t.contents.split('|') cmatch = constant_re.match(parts[0]) if cmatch: out.write(' _(%s) ' % cmatch.group(1)) for p in parts[1:]: if p.find(':_(') >= 0: out.write(' %s ' % p.split(':',1)[1]) else: out.write(blankout(p, 'F')) elif t.token_type == TOKEN_COMMENT: out.write(' # %s' % t.contents) else: out.write(blankout(t.contents, 'X')) return force_str(out.getvalue()) def parse_accept_lang_header(lang_string): """ Parses the lang_string, which is the body of an HTTP Accept-Language header, and returns a list of (lang, q-value), ordered by 'q' values. Any format errors in lang_string results in an empty list being returned. """ result = [] pieces = accept_language_re.split(lang_string) if pieces[-1]: return [] for i in range(0, len(pieces) - 1, 3): first, lang, priority = pieces[i : i + 3] if first: return [] priority = priority and float(priority) or 1.0 result.append((lang, priority)) result.sort(key=lambda k: k[1], reverse=True) return result