# This matrix assigns a score of 2 to matches, -1 to transitions, and # -2 to transversions. When used with a gap existence cost of 16 and # a gap extension cost of 1, it gives very sensitive and accurate # alignments of distantly-related protein-coding sequences (MC Frith # et al. 2010, BMC Bioinformatics). The next line tells LAST to use # these gap costs: #last -a 16 -b 1 # Let's also use a minimum alignment score of 90: #last -e 90 # lastex suggests that 90 is not unreasonable for comparing mammalian # genomes. In any case, you can override these parameters by setting # options when running LAST. Finally, here is the matrix: A C G T A 2 -2 -1 -2 C -2 2 -2 -1 G -1 -2 2 -2 T -2 -1 -2 2