\HeaderA{addmargins}{Puts Arbitrary Margins on Multidimensional Tables or Arrays}{addmargins}
\keyword{manip}{addmargins}
\keyword{array}{addmargins}
\begin{Description}\relax
For a given table one can specify which of the classifying factors to
expand by one or more levels to hold margins to be calculated.  One may for
example form sums and means over the first dimension and medians over the
second.  The resulting table will then have two extra levels for the first
dimension and one extra level for the second.  The default is to sum over
all margins in the table.  Other possibilities may give results that
depend on the order in which the margins are computed.  This is flagged
in the printed output from the function.
\end{Description}
\begin{Usage}
\begin{verbatim}
  addmargins(A, margin = 1:length(dim(A)), FUN = sum, quiet = FALSE)
\end{verbatim}
\end{Usage}
\begin{Arguments}
\begin{ldescription}
\item[\code{A}] table or array.  The function uses the presence of the
\code{"dim"} and \code{"dimnames"} attributes of \code{A}.
\item[\code{margin}] vector of dimensions over which to form margins.  Margins
are formed in the order in which dimensions are specified in
\code{margin}.
\item[\code{FUN}] list of the same length as \code{margin}, each element of
the list being either a function or a list of functions.  Names of
the list elements will appear as levels in dimnames of the result.
Unnamed list elements will have names constructed:  the name
of a function or a constructed name based on the position in the table.
\item[\code{quiet}] logical which suppresses the message telling the order in
which the margins were computed.
\end{ldescription}
\end{Arguments}
\begin{Details}\relax
If the functions used to form margins are not commutative the result
depends on the order in which margins are computed.  Annotation
of margins is done via naming the \code{FUN} list.
\end{Details}
\begin{Value}
A table or array with the same number of dimensions as \code{A}, but
with extra levels of the dimensions mentioned in \code{margin}.  The
number of levels added to each dimension is the length of the entries
in \code{FUN}.  A message with the order of computation of margins is
printed.
\end{Value}
\begin{Author}\relax
Bendix Carstensen, Steno Diabetes Center \& Department of
Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen,
\url{http://www.biostat.ku.dk/~bxc}, autumn 2003.
Margin naming enhanced by Duncan Murdoch.
\end{Author}
\begin{SeeAlso}\relax
\code{\LinkA{table}{table}}, \code{\LinkA{ftable}{ftable}}, \code{\LinkA{margin.table}{margin.table}}.
\end{SeeAlso}
\begin{Examples}
\begin{ExampleCode}
Aye <- sample(c("Yes", "Si", "Oui"), 177, replace = TRUE)
Bee <- sample(c("Hum", "Buzz"), 177, replace = TRUE)
Sea <- sample(c("White", "Black", "Red", "Dead"), 177, replace = TRUE)
(A <- table(Aye, Bee, Sea))
addmargins(A)

ftable(A)
ftable(addmargins(A))

# Non-commutative functions - note differences between resulting tables:
ftable(addmargins(A, c(1,3),
       FUN = list(Sum = sum, list(Min = min, Max = max))))
ftable(addmargins(A, c(3,1),
       FUN = list(list(Min = min, Max = max), Sum = sum)))

# Weird function needed to return the N when computing percentages
sqsm <- function(x) sum(x)^2/100
B <- table(Sea, Bee)
round(sweep(addmargins(B, 1, list(list(All = sum, N = sqsm))), 2,
            apply(B, 2, sum)/100, "/"), 1)
round(sweep(addmargins(B, 2, list(list(All = sum, N = sqsm))), 1,
            apply(B, 1, sum)/100, "/"), 1)

# A total over Bee requires formation of the Bee-margin first:
mB <-  addmargins(B, 2, FUN = list(list(Total = sum)))
round(ftable(sweep(addmargins(mB, 1, list(list(All = sum, N = sqsm))), 2,
                   apply(mB,2,sum)/100, "/")), 1)

## Zero.Printing table+margins:
set.seed(1)
x <- sample( 1:7, 20, replace=TRUE)
y <- sample( 1:7, 20, replace=TRUE)
tx <- addmargins( table(x, y) )
print(tx, zero.print = ".")
\end{ExampleCode}
\end{Examples}

