Paren                  package:base                  R Documentation

_P_a_r_e_n_t_h_e_s_e_s _a_n_d _B_r_a_c_e_s

_D_e_s_c_r_i_p_t_i_o_n:

     Open parenthesis, '(', and open brace, '{', are '.Primitive'
     functions in R.

     Effectively, '(' is semantically equivalent to the identity
     'function(x) x', whereas '{' is slightly more interesting, see
     examples.

_U_s_a_g_e:

     ( ... )

     { ... }

_V_a_l_u_e:

     For '(', the result of evaluating the argument.  This has
     visibility set, so will auto-print if used at top-level.

     For '{', the result of the last expression evaluated. This has the
     visibility of the last evaluation.

_R_e_f_e_r_e_n_c_e_s:

     Becker, R. A., Chambers, J. M. and Wilks, A. R. (1988) _The New S
     Language_. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole.

_S_e_e _A_l_s_o:

     'if', 'return', etc for other objects used in the R language
     itself.

     'Syntax' for operator precedence.

_E_x_a_m_p_l_e_s:

     f <- get("(")
     e <- expression(3 + 2 * 4)
     identical(f(e), e)

     do <- get("{")
     do(x <- 3, y <- 2*x-3, 6-x-y); x; y

     ## note the differences
     (2+3)
     {2+3; 4+5}
     (invisible(2+3))
     {invisible(2+3)}