### Name: boot.ci
### Title: Nonparametric Bootstrap Confidence Intervals
### Aliases: boot.ci
### Keywords: nonparametric htest

### ** Examples

# confidence intervals for the city data
ratio <- function(d, w) sum(d$x * w)/sum(d$u * w)
city.boot <- boot(city, ratio, R = 999, stype = "w",sim = "ordinary")
boot.ci(city.boot, conf = c(0.90,0.95),
        type = c("norm","basic","perc","bca"))

# studentized confidence interval for the two sample 
# difference of means problem using the final two series
# of the gravity data. 
diff.means <- function(d, f)
{    n <- nrow(d)
     gp1 <- 1:table(as.numeric(d$series))[1]
     m1 <- sum(d[gp1,1] * f[gp1])/sum(f[gp1])
     m2 <- sum(d[-gp1,1] * f[-gp1])/sum(f[-gp1])
     ss1 <- sum(d[gp1,1]^2 * f[gp1]) - (m1 *  m1 * sum(f[gp1]))
     ss2 <- sum(d[-gp1,1]^2 * f[-gp1]) - (m2 *  m2 * sum(f[-gp1]))
     c(m1-m2, (ss1+ss2)/(sum(f)-2))
}
grav1 <- gravity[as.numeric(gravity[,2])>=7,]
grav1.boot <- boot(grav1, diff.means, R=999, stype="f", strata=grav1[,2])
boot.ci(grav1.boot, type=c("stud","norm"))

# Nonparametric confidence intervals for mean failure time 
# of the air-conditioning data as in Example 5.4 of Davison
# and Hinkley (1997)
mean.fun <- function(d, i) 
{    m <- mean(d$hours[i])
     n <- length(i)
     v <- (n-1)*var(d$hours[i])/n^2
     c(m, v)
}
air.boot <- boot(aircondit, mean.fun, R=999)
boot.ci(air.boot, type = c("norm", "basic", "perc", "stud"))

# Now using the log transformation
# There are two ways of doing this and they both give the
# same intervals.

# Method 1
boot.ci(air.boot, type = c("norm", "basic", "perc", "stud"), 
        h = log, hdot = function(x) 1/x)

# Method 2
vt0 <- air.boot$t0[2]/air.boot$t0[1]^2
vt <- air.boot$t[,2]/air.boot$t[,1]^2
boot.ci(air.boot, type = c("norm", "basic", "perc", "stud"), 
        t0 = log(air.boot$t0[1]), t = log(air.boot$t[,1]),
        var.t0 = vt0, var.t = vt)