Mitral stenosis refers to a narrowing or obstruction of the Mitral valve.  This narrowing or obstruction prevents the valve from opening properly.  Blood flow between the left atrium and the left ventricle is restricted by this obstruction, which can reduce the amount of blood that supplies the body.  The atrium also enlarges as pressure builds, and blood can backflow into the lungs, resulting in pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs). Mitral stenosis occurs most commonly in people who have had rheumatic fever, which can cause damage to heart valves.  Mitral stenosis can be caused by other conditions that affect the mitral valve as well.  People with a family history of rheumatic fever and stroke are at increased risk for mitral stenosis.   Symptoms can be triggered by an episode of atrial fibrillation (rapid, incomplete contractions of the atria), pregnancy, respiratory infection, endocarditis, or other cardiac disorders or body stresses.  

 

The disorder cannot be prevented, but its complications can.  Your doctor may prescribe antibiotic therapy to reduce the risk of Endocarditis for you prior to any medical or dental procedures that could introduce an infective agent.  This includes something as simple as getting your teeth cleaned.  Treat strep infections promptly to prevent rheumatic fever. Tell your health care provider if you have a family history of congenital heart diseases.

 

Mitral Stenosis

If symptoms are mild or non-existent, no treatment may be necessary.  If symptoms are severe, hospitalization may be necessary.   Medications are often used to treat mitral stenosis.  They include: diuretics, digoxin, anticoagulants, and antiarrhythmics.   Surgery may be required in some cases to repair or replace the damaged valve.  Balloon valvuloplasty (using a balloon attached to a catheter to dilate the area of the valve) may be an option.