Major Leagues of Professional Hockey
All Time Franchise History
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Leagues
Eastern Canada Hockey Association (ECHA). 1908/09 - 1908/09.
League formed by the all-pro teams of the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey
Association. First all-professional league. League renamed CHA.
Canadian Hockey Association (CHA). 1909/10 - 1909/10.
Folded after just two weeks of play.
National Hockey Association (NHA). 1909/10 - 1916/17.
Formed around Wanderers in opposition to CHA. Reorganized as NHL.
Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHL). 1911/12 - 1923/24
When league folded remaining teams joined WCHL.
National Hockey League (NHL). 1917/18 - present.
Formed from NHA.
Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL). 1921/22 - 1924/25.
League renamed WHL for '25/26 (last) season.
Western Hockey League (WHL). 1925/26 - 1925/26.
Last year of WCHL. Best players sold as whole teams to two new NHL
franchises.
World Hockey Association (WHA). 1972/73 - 1978/79.
Four teams entered NHL.
Teams
(1) Montreal Shamrocks
The Montreal Shamrocks, then called the Montreal Crystals, were one of the
five founding franchises of the Amateur Hockey Association in 1886.
Montreal Shamrocks (ECHA). 1908/09 - 1908/09.
Team joined CHA for 2 weeks, then joined NHA for '09/10 season.
Montreal Shamrocks (NHA). 1909/10 - 1909/10.
Team dropped out of NHA before start of '10/11 season.
(2) Montreal Wanderers
Franchise established 1903/04 to play in the Federal Amateur Hockey League. Many players raided from
the Montreal AAA.
Montreal Wanderers (ECHA). 1908/09 - 1908/09.
Kicked out of ECHA, team founded NHA.
Montreal Wanderers (NHA). 1909/10 - 1916/17.
Team joined NHL for '17/18 season.
Montreal Wanderers. 1917/18 - 1917/18.
Folded during '17/18 season (6/20).
(3) Ottawa/St. Louis
The Ottawa Senators, then called the Ottawa Generals and later the Ottawa Silver Seven,
were one of the five founding franchises of the Amateur Hockey Association in 1886.
Ottawa Senators(1) (ECHA). 1908/09 - 1908/09.
Team joined CHA for 2 weeks, then joined NHA for '09/10 season.
Ottawa Senators (NHA). 1909/10 - 1916/17.
Team joined NHL for '17/18 season.
Ottawa Senators. 1917/18 - 1930/31.
Team suspended operations before '31/32 season, returning the next year.
Ottawa Senators. 1932/33 - 1933/34.
Moved to St. Louis for '34/35 season.
St. Louis Eagles. 1934/35 - 1934/35.
Folded before '35/36 season.
(4) Quebec/Hamilton/New York (Brooklyn)
The Quebec Bulldogs were one of the
five founding franchises of the Amateur Hockey Association in 1886.
Quebec Bulldogs (ECHA). 1908/09 - 1908/09.
Joined CHA, which lasted just 2 weeks before folding. Joined NHA the next
year.
Quebec Bulldogs (NHA). 1910/11 - 1916/17.
Team joined NHL for '17/18 but folded before season began.
Franchise revived for '19/20 season.
Quebec Bulldogs. 1919/20 - 1919/20.
Moved to Hamilton for '20/21 season.
Hamilton Tigers. 1920/21 - 1924/25.
Moved to New York for '25/26 season.
New York Americans. 1925/26 - 1940/41.
Team changed name for '41/42 season.
Brooklyn Americans. 1941/42 - 1941/42.
Folded before '42/43 season.
(5) Cobalt Silver Kings
Cobalt Silver Kings (NHA). 1909/10 - 1909/10.
Team dropped out of NHA before start of '10/11 season. Franchise bought to
restock the revived Quebec Bulldogs with players.
(6) Haileybury
Haileybury (NHA). 1909/10 - 1909/10.
Team dropped out of NHA before start of '10/11 season. Franchise bought to
restock the revived Quebec Bulldogs with players.
(7) Montreal Canadiens
Montreal Canadiens (NHA). 1909/10 - 1916/17.
Team joined NHL for '17/18 season.
Montreal Canadiens. 1917/18 - present.
(8) Renfrew Creamery Kings
Renfrew Creamery Kings (NHA). 1909/10 - 1910/11.
Team dropped out of NHA before '11/12 season.
(9) New Westminster/Portland/Victoria/Detroit
New Westminster Royals (PCHA). 1911/12 - 1913/14.
Moved to Portland for '14/15 season.
Portland Rosebuds(1) (PCHA). 1914/15 - 1917/18.
Moved to Victoria for '18/19 season.
Victoria Aristocrats(2) (PCHA). 1918/19 - 1919/20.
Team changed name for '20/21 season.
Victoria Cougars (PCHA). 1920/21 1923/24
Team joined WCHL for '24/25 season.
Victoria Cougars (WCHL). 1924/25 - 1925/26.
Team (players) sold into NHL and moved to Detroit.
Detroit Cougars. 1926/27 - 1929/30.
(Home games played in Windsor prior to arena construction in Detroit).
Team changed name for '30/31 season.
Detroit Falcons. 1930/31 - 1932/33.
Team changed name for '33/34 season.
Detroit Red Wings. 1933/34 - present.
(10) Vancouver
Vancouver Millionaires (PCHA). 1911/12 - 1921/22.
Team changed name for '22/23 season.
Vancouver Maroons (PCHA). 1922/23 - 1923/24.
Team joined WCHL for '24/25 season.
Vancouver Maroons (WCHL). 1924/25 - 1925/26.
League folded before '26/27 season.
(11) Victoria/Spokane
Victoria Senators (PCHA). 1911/12 - 1911/12.
Team changed name before '12/13 season.
Victoria Aristocrats(1) (PCHA). 1912/13 - 1915/16.
Moved to Spokane for '16/17 season.
Spokane Canaries (PCHA). 1916/17 - 1916/17.
Folded before '17/18 season.
(12) Toronto
Toronto Blueshirts (NHA). 1912/13 - 1916/17.
Team kicked out of NHA during '16/17 season (14/20). Franchise revived by
NHL for '17/18 season.
Toronto Arenas. 1917/18 - 1918/19.
Team changed name for '19/20 season.
Toronto St. Pats. 1919/20 - 1925/26.
Team changed name for '26/27 season.
Toronto Maple Leafs. 1926/27 - present.
(13) Toronto Tecumsehs/Ontarios/Shamrocks
Toronto Tecumsehs (NHA). 1912/13 - 1912/13.
Team changed name before '13/14 season.
Toronto Ontarios (NHA). 1913/14 - 1914/15.
Team changed name during '14/15 season.
Toronto Shamrocks (NHA). 1914/15 - 1914/15.
Team dropped out of NHA before '15/16 season.
(14) Seattle Metropolitans
Seattle Metropolitans (PCHA). 1915/16 - 1923/24.
Folded before '24/25 season.
(15) 228th Battalion
228th Battalion, Canadian Army (NHA). 1916/17 - 1916/17.
Ordered overseas during '16/17 season (12/20).
(16) Calgary Tigers
Calgary Tigers (WCHL). 1921/22 - 1925/26.
League folded before '26/27 season.
(17) Edmonton Eskimos
Edmonton Eskimos (WCHL). 1921/22 - 1925/26.
League folded before '26/27 season.
(18) Regina/Portland/Chicago
Regina Capitals (WCHL). 1921/22 - 1924/25.
Moved to Portland for '25/26 season.
Portland Rosebuds(2) (WHL). 1925/26 - 1925/26.
Team (players) sold into NHL and moved to Chicago.
Chicago Black Hawks 1926/27 - 1984/85.
Team made minor name change for '85/86 season.
Chicago Blackhawks. 1985/86 - present.
(19) Saskatoon/Moose Jaw
Saskatoon Sheiks (WCHL). 1921/22 - 1921/22.
Team fled to Moose Jaw for last part of '21/22 season.
Moose Jaw Sheiks (WCHL). 1921/22 - 1921/22.
Moved back to Saskatoon for '22/23 season.
Saskatoon Sheiks (WCHL). 1922/23 - 1922/23.
Team changed name for '23/24 season.
Saskatoon Crescents (WCHL). 1923/24 - 1925/26.
League folded before '26/27 season.
(20) Boston Bruins
Boston Bruins. 1924/25 - present.
(21) Montreal Maroons
Montreal Maroons. 1924/25 - 1937/38.
Folded before '38/39 season.
(22) Pittsburgh/Philadelphia
Pittsburgh Pirates. 1925/26 - 1929/30.
Moved to Philadelphia for '30/31 season.
Philadelphia Quakers. 1930/31 - 1930/31.
Folded before '31/32 season.
(23) New York Rangers
New York Rangers. 1926/27 - present.
(24) Los Angeles Kings
Los Angeles Kings. 1967/68 - present.
(25A) California/Oakland/Cleveland
California Seals. 1967/68 - 1967/68.
Team changed name during '67/68 season.
Oakland Seals. 1967/68 - 1969/70.
Team changed name for '70/71 season.
California Golden Seals. 1970/71 - 1975/76.
Moved to Cleveland for '76/77 season.
Cleveland Barons. 1976/77 - 1977/78.
Team merged with Minnesota for '78/79 season.
(25B) Minnesota/Dallas
Minnesota North Stars. 1967/68 - 1977/78.
Team merged with Cleveland for '78/79 season.
Minnesota North Stars. 1978/79 - 1992/93.
Moved to Dallas for '93/94 season.
Dallas Stars. 1993/94 - present.
(27) Philadelphia Flyers
Philadelphia Flyers. 1967/68 - present.
(28) Pittsburgh Penguins
Pittsburgh Penguins. 1967/68 - present.
(29) St. Louis Blues
St. Louis Blues. 1967/68 - present.
(30) Buffalo Sabres
Buffalo Sabres. 1970/71 - present.
(31) Vancouver Canucks
Vancouver Canucks. 1970/71 - present.
(32) Atlanta/Calgary
Atlanta Flames. 1972/73 - 1979/80.
Moved to Calgary for '80/81 season.
Calgary Flames. 1980/81 - present.
(33) New York Islanders
New York Islanders. 1972/73 - present.
(n/a) Calgary Broncos
Calgary Broncos (WHA).
Failed to post bond for '72/73 season and folded before the season began.
(n/a) Miami Screaming Eagles
Miami Screaming Eagles (WHA).
Failed to post bond for '72/73 season and folded before the season began.
(34) Alberta/Edmonton Oilers
Alberta Oilers (WHA). 1972/73 - 1973/74.
Team changed name during '73/74 season.
Edmonton Oilers (WHA). 1973/74 - 1978/79.
Team joined NHL for '79/80 season.
Edmonton Oilers. 1979/80 - present.
(35) Ottawa/Toronto/Birmingham
Ottawa Nationals (WHA). 1972/73 - 1972/73.
Moved to Toronto for '73/74 season.
Toronto Toros (WHA). 1973/74 - 1975/76.
Moved to Birmingham for '76/77 season.
Birmingham Bulls (WHA). 1976/77 - 1978/79.
League folded after '78/79 season.
(36) Cleveland/Florida/Minnesota
Cleveland Crusaders (WHA). 1972/73 - 1975/76.
Moved to Ft. Lauderdale after '75/76 season. (No games played there).
Florida Breakers (WHA).
Moved to Minnesota for '76/77 season. Cleveland players released.
Minnesota Fighting Saints(2) (WHA). 1976/77 - 1976/77.
Folded during '76/77 season (42/80).
(37) Chicago Cougars
Chicago Cougars (WHA). 1972/73 - 1974/75.
Folded before '76/77 season.
(38) Philadelphia/Vancouver/Calgary
Philadelphia Blazers (WHA). 1972/73 - 1972/73.
Moved to Vancouver for '73/74 season.
Vancouver Blazers (WHA). 1973/74 - 1974/75.
Moved to Calgary for '75/76 season.
Calgary Cowboys (WHA). 1975/76 - 1976/77.
Folded before '77/78 season.
(39) Minnesota Fighting Saints
Minnesota Fighting Saints(1) (WHA). 1972/73 - 1975/76.
Folded before '76/77 season. Most players went to Minnesota
Fighting Saints(2). franchise.
(40) Houston Aeros
Houston Aeros (WHA). 1972/73 - 1977/78.
Folded before '78/79 season.
(41) Los Angeles/Michigan/Baltimore
Los Angeles Sharks (WHA). 1972/73 - 1973/74.
Moved to Michigan for '74/75 season.
Michigan Stags (WHA). 1973/74 - 1973/74.
Moved to Baltimore during '74/75 season.
Baltimore Blades (WHA). 1973/74 - 1974/75.
Folded before '75/76 season.
(42) New England/Hartford/Carolina
New England Whalers (WHA). 1972/73 - 1978/79.
Team shifted from Boston to Hartford for '73/74 season. Joined NHL for
'79/80 season.
Hartford Whalers. 1979/80 - 1996/97.
Team moved from Hartford to Raleigh before
the '97/98 season.
Carolina Hurricanes. 1997/98 - present.
(Home games played in Greensboro (1997/98 - present) pending arena construction in Raleigh).
(43) New York/New Jersey/San Diego
New York Raiders (WHA). 1972/73 - 1972/73.
Team changed name for '73/74 season.
New York Golden Blades (WHA). 1973/74 - 1973/74.
Moved to New Jersey during '73/74 season.
New Jersey Knights (WHA). 1973/74 - 1973/74.
Moved to San Diego for '74/75 season.
San Diego Mariners (WHA). 1974/75 - 1976/77.
Folded before '77/78 season.
(44) Quebec/Colorado
Quebec Nordiques (WHA). 1972/73 - 1978/79.
Joined NHL for '79/80 season.
Quebec Nordiques. 1979/80 - 1994/95.
Moved to Denver for the '95/96 season.
Colorado Avalanche. 1995/96 - present.
(45) Winnipeg/Phoenix
Winnipeg Jets (WHA). 1972/73 - 1978/79.
Joined NHL for '79/80 season.
Winnipeg Jets. 1979/80 - 1995/96.
Moved to Phoenix for the '96/97 season.
Phoenix Coyotes. 1996/97 - present.
(46) Kansas City/Colorado/New Jersey
Kansas City Scouts. 1974/75 - 1975/76.
Moved to Denver for '76/77 season.
Colorado Rockies. 1976/77 - 1981/82.
Moved to New Jersey for '82/83 season.
New Jersey Devils. 1982/83 - present.
(47) Washington Capitals
Washington Capitals. 1974/75 - present.
(48) Indianapolis Racers
Indianapolis Racers (WHA). 1974/75 - 1978/79.
Folded during '78/79 season (25/80).
(49) Phoenix Roadrunners
Phoenix Roadrunners (WHA). 1974/75 - 1976/77.
Folded before '77/78 season.
(50) Cincinnati Stingers
Cincinnati Stingers (WHA). 1975/76 - 1978/79.
Folded after '78/79 season.
(51) Denver/Ottawa
Denver Spurs (WHA). 1975/76 - 1975/76.
Moved to Ottawa during '75/76 season.
Ottawa Civics (WHA). 1975/76 - 1975/76.
Folded during '75/76 season (41/80)
(52) San Jose Sharks
San Jose Sharks. 1991/92 - present.
(Home games played in San Francisco (1991/92 - ?) pending arena construction in San Jose).
(53) Tampa Bay Lightning
Tampa Bay Lightning. 1992/93 - present.
(54) Ottawa Senators
Ottawa Senators(2). 1992/93 - present.
(55) Anaheim Mighty Ducks
Mighty Ducks of Anaheim. 1993/94 - present.
(56) Florida Panthers
Florida Panthers. 1993/94 - present.
(57) in Nashville
Nashville Predators. Starting 1998/99.
(58) in Atlanta
Atlanta Thrashers. Starting 1999/00.
(59) in Columbus
Columbus Blue Jackets. Starting 2000/01.
(60) in Minneapolis-St. Paul
Minnesota Wild. Starting 2000/01.
Notation
Leagues other than the NHL are specified after team names.
The notation (x/y) indicates the franchise folded during the
season, after completing "x" of the "y" scheduled games.
Sources
Mike D. (mdoyle@trwind.trw.com)
Klein, Jeff Z. and Karl-Eric Reif. The Klein and Reif Hockey Compendium.
Toronto: McClelland and Stewart Limited. 1986.
Whitehead, Eric. The Patricks: Hockey's Royal Family. Halifax: Formac
Publishing Company Limited. 1980.