Notes: Table of Contents

Section 1: Broad phonetic transcriptions of English

1. Phonetic alphabets
   • Writing things the way they sound
   • The International Phonetic Alphabet
2. IPA symbols for English sounds
   1. Vowels
   2. Consonants
   3. Other: stress, diphthongs
3. Transcriptions
   1. Broad vs. narrow transcriptions
   2. Suggestions for making better transcriptions
   3. Some common mistakes
   4. Vowels in unstressed syllables

Section 2: Vocal anatomy

• Vocal tract anatomy

Section 3: Properties of consonants and vowels

• The idea of segments
• Consonant parameters
  • Places of articulation
  • Manners of articulation
  • Consonant charts
• Vowels
  • Tongue body position
  • Vowel charts
  • More vowel parameters
  • Glides, diphthongs
• Making transcriptions narrower
  • Phonemes and allophones
  • Why bother?
  • Making sense of allophones
  • Stop releases, Timing
  • Vowels
• Suprasegmentals
  • Stress and hints for learning to hear stress
  • Intonation

Section 4: Acoustic phonetics

• Sound waves
• Spectrum diagrams
• The source-filter model
  • Harmonics
  • Resonance
  • Source and filter (some extra diagrams)
• Formants, Relating formants to articulation
• Spectrograms
• The acoustics of consonants
• Acoustic enhancement

Section 5: General Phonetics

• Place of articulation
  Multiple articulations
• Vowels:
  • Cardinal vowels
  • IPA and North American vowel charts
  • More cardinal vowels; diphthongs
• Phonation